2020-07-03

2020-07-03

edition of the 8th year of SmartDrivingCars

Announcing 2020-2021 Fellow-in-Residence Henry L. Greenidge, Esq.

Press release, June 24, “The McSilver Institute for Poverty Policy and Research at New York University has announced transportation policy expert Henry L. Greenidge, Esq. as a 2020-2021 Fellow-in-Residence. …

                                                      "As New York
                                                      City and
                                                      cities around
                                                      the nation
                                                      reopen amid
                                                      COVID-19,
                                                      there is an
                                                      important
                                                      conversation
                                                      to be had
                                                      about the
                                                      intersection
                                                      of
                                                      transportation
                                                      policy with
                                                      poverty, race
                                                      and class. In
                                                      a field where
                                                      there are too
                                                      few thought
                                                      leaders of
                                                      color, Henry
                                                      Greenidge's
                                                      industry
                                                      expertise and
                                                      distinguished
                                                      track record
                                                      of public
                                                      service make
                                                      him an
                                                      invaluable
                                                      addition to
                                                      the NYU
                                                      McSilver
                                                      team," says
                                                      Michael A.
                                                      Lindsey, PhD,
                                                      MSW, MPH,
                                                      Executive
                                                      Director of
                                                      the institute.

                                                      "Race and
                                                      transportation
                                                      have been
                                                      inextricably
                                                      linked since
                                                      the first
                                                      slave ship
                                                      crossed the
                                                      Americas,"
                                                      says Henry
                                                      Greenidge. "As
                                                      our nation
                                                      continues to
                                                      grapple with
                                                      institutional
                                                      racism, which
                                                      serves as the
                                                      fabric for
                                                      every facet of
                                                      the United
                                                      States, the
                                                      inequities of
                                                      transportation
                                                      policies must
                                                      be at the
                                                      center. I am
                                                      humbled and
                                                      excited to be
                                                      working with
                                                      the McSilver
                                                      Institute to
                                                      unpack how
                                                      transportation,
                                                      race, and
                                                      poverty
                                                      intersect.."
                                                      [Read more](https://mcsilver.nyu.edu/henry-greenidge-fellow-in-residence/)  Hmmm....  In
                                                      no uncertain
                                                      terms,
                                                      we must make
                                                      sure that
                                                      inequities and
                                                      racism are not
                                                      explicitly nor
                                                      even
                                                      implicitly
                                                      baked into
                                                      the
                                                      SmartDrivingCar
                                                      r/evolution.
                                                      We are still
                                                      at the very
                                                      beginning, so
                                                      it shouldn't
                                                      be hard nor
                                                      expensive but
                                                      so far it
                                                      doesn't look
                                                      good.  The
                                                      emphasis has
                                                      been on giving
                                                      those that
                                                      already have
                                                      fantastic ways
                                                      to get around
                                                      one more way.
                                                      The focus
                                                      hasn't been on
                                                      the mobility
                                                      disadvantaged
                                                      and certainly
                                                      not on the
                                                      Black
                                                      community.
                                                      Just look
                                                      where the
                                                      testing has
                                                      been taking
                                                      place and the
                                                      folks that
                                                      take part in
                                                      the focus
                                                      groups and
                                                      those that are
                                                      given rides.
                                                      Look at who
                                                      designs and
                                                      writes the
                                                      software and
                                                      the
                                                      investors.
                                                      Sure, one can
                                                      and should
                                                      serve them,
                                                      but if public
                                                      policy is
                                                      going to play
                                                      a role, then
                                                      it can't bake
                                                      in more
                                                      inequities.
                                                      Moreover, the
                                                      private sector
                                                      can also step
                                                      up and realize
                                                      that these
                                                      systems can
                                                      readily serve
                                                      everyone.  The
                                                      technology
                                                      that makes
                                                      SmartDrivingCars
                                                      possible is
                                                      not inherently
                                                      racists.  It
                                                      can respect
                                                      and serve
                                                      everyone.
                                                      Henry and
                                                      others can
                                                      help make sure
                                                      that the
                                                      designers and
                                                      deployers of
                                                      SmartDrivingCars
                                                      don't
                                                      explicitly nor
                                                      implicitly
                                                      bake in racism
                                                      and bias.
                                                      Alain

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 163 - Henry Greenidge

###

F. Fishkin, July 2, “Transportation, racial injustices and changing the thinking around the future of mobility. NYU McSilver Institute for Poverty Policy & Research fellow Henry Greenidge joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin in an eye and mind opening episode of Smart Driving Cars. Plus Amazon, Zoox, Waymo, Tesla & more.  .”   “Alexa, play the Smart Driving Cars podcast!”. Ditto with Siri, and GooglePlay … Alain

SmartDrivingCars Zoom-Cast Episode 163 - Henry Greenidge

###

###

###

Video version of SmartDrivingCars PodCast 163….  Alain

                                                      The
                                                      SmartDrivingCars
                                                      eLetter,
                                                      Pod-Casts,
                                                      Zoom-Casts and
                                                      Zoom-inars are
                                                      made possible
                                                      in part by
                                                      support from
                                                      the Smart
                                                      Transportation
                                                      and Technology
                                                      ETF, symbol
                                                      MOTO.   For
                                                      more
                                                      information: [www.motoetf.com](https://www.smartetfs.com/).  Most funding is
                                                      supplied by
                                                      Princeton
                                                      University's
                                                      Department of
                                                      Operations
                                                      Research &
                                                      Financial
                                                      Engineering
                                                      and Princeton
                                                      Autonomous
                                                      Vehicle
                                                      Engineering
                                                      (PAVE)
                                                      research
                                                      laboratory as
                                                      part of its
                                                      research
                                                      dissemination
                                                      initiatives.

Princeton Will Remove Woodrow Wilson’s Name From School

B. Pietsch, June 27, “Princeton University will remove Woodrow Wilson’s name from its public policy school and one of its residential colleges, the university’s president said on Saturday — a move that comes four years after it decided to keep the name over the objections of student protests.

                                                      The
                                                      university's
                                                      board of
                                                      trustees found
                                                      that Wilson's
                                                      "racist
                                                      thinking and
                                                      policies make
                                                      him an
                                                      inappropriate
                                                      namesake for a
                                                      school or
                                                      college whose
                                                      scholars,
                                                      students and
                                                      alumni must
                                                      stand firmly
                                                      against racism
                                                      in all its
                                                      forms,"
                                                      Princeton's
                                                      president, [Christopher L. Eisgruber, said in a statement](https://www.princeton.edu/news/2020/06/27/president-eisgrubers-message-community-removal-woodrow-wilson-name-public-policy)....
                                                      " [Read more](https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/27/nyregion/princeton-university-woodrow-wilson.html?campaign_id=60&emc=edit_na_20200627&instance_id=0&nl=breaking-news&ref=cta&regi_id=89228009&segment_id=32040&user_id=bb3a3afb7a60246a936251b2f79cc1db)  Hmmm...
                                                      Fantastic!
                                                      Alain

We’re acquiring Zoox to help bring their vision of autonomous ride-hailing to reality

Amazon, June 26, “Amazon has signed an agreement to acquire Zoox, a California-based company working to design autonomous ride-hailing vehicles from the ground up. Aicha Evans, Zoox CEO, and Jesse Levinson, Zoox co-founder and CTO, will continue to lead the team as they innovate and drive towards their mission….

“Zoox is working to imagine, invent, and design a world-class autonomous ride-hailing experience,” said Jeff Wilke, Amazon’s CEO, Worldwide Consumer. “Like Amazon, Zoox is passionate about innovation and about its customers, and we’re excited to help the talented Zoox team to bring their vision to reality in the years ahead.”…

“Since Zoox’s inception six years ago, we have been singularly focused on our ground-up approach to autonomous mobility,” said Jesse Levinson, Zoox co-founder and CTO. “Amazon’s support will markedly accelerate our path to delivering safe, clean, and enjoyable transportation to the world.”…“  Read more  Hmmm… OK, but the original path to “world-class autonomous ride-hailing experience” is likely to be changed to first pass through “world-class autonomous package delivery experience”. Amazon is now not only in control but also THE customer. Ironically, having the primary customer, package delivery, drive the product development may actually accelerate the successful creation of a world-class affordable mobility-as-a service machines. Delivering packages from an Amazon distribution center or from Whole Foods or from … to my “front door” has substantially easier quality-of-service and safety challenges, especially, if in the beginning, the delivery service is done between “1am and 5am”.

Start during those times in your Operational Design Domain (ODD), continue to improve, expand to the rest of the day, enlarge your ODD and then you’ll be really ready to begin providing affordable high-quality mobility to those that need it most and everyone else too.

See also:  CNBC Amazon to buy self-driving technology company Zoox Alain

Amazon Buys Self-Driving Company Zoox For $1.2B And May Rule The World

B. Templeton, June 26, “Reports have emerged that Amazon.com will purchase self-driving startup Zoox for “more than $1.2B” with exact details of the deal not disclosed. Amazon says they plan to have Zoox realize its vision of passenger transport (robotaxi) service, which I will dub “AMAZOOX.” At the same time, it is hard to believe they don’t also have interest in robotic delivery and logistics, since that’s a huge part of their business.

                                                      I have already
                                                      done analysis
                                                      twice on this
                                                      deal — first
                                                      when [Zoox started shopping](https://www.forbes.com/sites/bradtempleton/2020/05/08/zoox-looks-to-be-sold/),
                                                      and then when[Amazon was revealed as the suitor](https://www.forbes.com/sites/bradtempleton/2020/05/27/the-match--mismatch-of-amazon-buying-self-driving-unicorn-zoox-as-is-rumored/).
                                                      All the
                                                      analysis in
                                                      these articles
                                                      remains
                                                      similar.
                                                      Today, two
                                                      things become
                                                      fact — the
                                                      confirmation
                                                      of the deal
                                                      and Amazon's
                                                      declaration
                                                      that they wish
                                                      to support the
                                                      robotaxi
                                                      vision..." [Read more](https://www.forbes.com/sites/bradtempleton/2020/06/26/amazon-buys-self-driving-company-zoox-for-12b-and-may-rule-the-world/#75411bf9769c)  Hmmm...
                                                      While I would
                                                      like to think
                                                      it is about
                                                      the aTaxi
                                                      business, to
                                                      me the main
                                                      driver is the
                                                      "free" package
                                                      delivery
                                                      business.  A
                                                      substantial
                                                      part of
                                                      Amazon's
                                                      success is
                                                      built on
                                                      "free"
                                                      delivery.
                                                      Sure, Amazon
                                                      can
                                                      internalize
                                                      the cost of
                                                      such a
                                                      service, but
                                                      this
                                                      acquisition
                                                      can enable
                                                      them to move
                                                      much of that
                                                      internalized
                                                      cost directly
                                                      down to its
                                                      bottom line.
                                                      That is
                                                      fundamentally
                                                      powerful.
                                                      Alain

How Planes, Trains and Automobiles Worsened America’s Racial Divide

S. Gidigbi, June 26, “…But in the larger quest for justice, there’s another bill on the agenda that could also be crucial to rectifying some of the 20th century’s most deeply unfair policies: A transportation funding bill set for a vote in the House next week would help undo the injustice built into our highways, our roads and our sidewalks.

                                                      At first
                                                      glance,
                                                      transportation
                                                      might seem
                                                      like a side
                                                      issue, but it
                                                      has been
                                                      central to the
                                                      inequality
                                                      debate in
                                                      America for
                                                      generations.

We often gloss over it today, but much of the civil rights struggle centered on access to public transportation. The unfortunate Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision of “separate but equal” came about because Homer Plessy was ejected from a “whites only” train car and then fought for his rights in court. Rosa Parks’ protest sparked the Montgomery bus boycott after she refused to give her seat to a white passenger after a long day of work. Her resolve united leaders to demand systemic changes including that buses stop at each street corner in Black neighborhoods just as they did in white ones. Black residents organized carpools, an early example of ride-share, and made the long treks across segregated neighborhoods to avoid using the city buses, as their yearlong campaign sought broader civil rights such as fair access to jobs and opportunity. Later, the Freedom Riders withstood rogue violence of stunning ferocity to get the Southern states to uphold the law and integrate interstate bus travel.

                                                      Transportation
                                                      spending
                                                      decisions have
                                                      also rewritten
                                                      the story of
                                                      American
                                                      communities
                                                      over the past
                                                      hundred
                                                      years—in ways
                                                      that cost
                                                      Black
                                                      communities
                                                      deeply and
                                                      benefited
                                                      white
                                                      neighborhoods....

It’s time to divest from the racist legacy of our past and invest in a more just and equitable future…. (emphasis added)

Transportation is not a side issue in our national reckoning with race. …“  Read more  Hmmm…   The real opportunity for driverless mobility machines is to deliver high-quality affordable mobility to the mobility disadvantaged… the largest segment of which are the economically disadvantaged. The Operational Design Domains (ODDs) of these should/must begin by encompassing these communities. This is where these technologies can deliver the most improvement in quality-of-life and not those communities where everyone already has “fourteen” other great ways of getting to where they are going when they want to go.  Alain

Nearly 30 years after the ADA, the nation’s transit agencies report successes and shortfalls

M. Alderton, June 26, “Scott Crawford hasn’t driven a car in 20 years.  A retired clinical neuropsychologist, Crawford relocated from Miami to his hometown of Jackson, Miss., in 2006, seven years after developing primary progressive multiple sclerosis. When his illness put him in a wheelchair, the bus became his lifeline — that is, when it didn’t leave him behind, which happened often and sometimes still does….”  Read more Hmmmm…  I continue to be dumbfounded by Conventional Transit’s complete aversion to autonomousTaxis and conventional ride-hailing (Uber/Lyft). These are ways for the Transit Industry to deliver “separate-but-enormously-better” mobility to the mobility disadvantaged. And do it at a fraction of the cost of its low-quality conventional bus services and its inaccessible low-quality “rail” services.

Definitions: High-quality mobility takes individuals from where they are to where they want to go when they want to go.  Lo-quality mobility takes individuals between a few (~20) long-ago designated locations (stops) at a few (~20) designated times. Alain

More Hmmmm…  from Dr. Prashanth Venkataram…..For wheelchair access, subways & buses generally have complementary problems. It is easy to get to the front of a bus without an elevator, but then getting into the bus requires a ramp or lift, which is a point of failure (and note that lifts, being more mechanically complicated, tend to be more prone to failure and consequently harder to operate manually than ramps) and is a substantial cost associated with the vehicle. By contrast, getting to a subway platform typically requires an elevator (unless there is enough land to allow for long gradually-sloped floors), which is a point of failure associated with the infrastructure of a station, but getting from the platform into the train can be done much more easily. Of course, there are exceptions: many light rail trains require ramps or lifts for wheelchair access, many commuter/regional rail trains have gaps that can only be bridged by virtue of conductors on board being able to manually find ramps in stations & deploy them (as the allowable dwell times are long enough), and many subway platforms have gaps to the train that are too large to bridge (and the short dwell times & lack of conductors means the only solution is usually to retrofit level boarding by rebuilding the platform appropriately, which is quite costly & time-consuming), while on the flip side, there are only a few examples (here is one using existing buses but rebuilt sidewalks: http://www.bostonbrt.org/everettbrt ) of buses that allow for level boarding, and even then only at certain stops where the curbs have been built in tandem with the bus design to allow it.

                                                      Note also that
                                                      commitment to
                                                      wheelchair
                                                      access in
                                                      subway systems
                                                      doesn't
                                                      necessarily
                                                      correlate that
                                                      strongly with
                                                      the age of a
                                                      system. While
                                                      it's
                                                      reasonable
                                                      that the
                                                      Chicago L
                                                      & Boston T
                                                      aren't fully
                                                      accessible
                                                      because of
                                                      their ages,
                                                      they do far
                                                      better than
                                                      the NYC Subway
                                                      despite being
                                                      of a similar
                                                      age.
                                                      Similarly, the
                                                      BART &
                                                      Washington
                                                      Metro do far
                                                      better than
                                                      the Montreal
                                                      Metro, which
                                                      is of a
                                                      similar age
                                                      (that is much
                                                      less than the
                                                      Chicago L or
                                                      Boston T). (On
                                                      a side note
                                                      regarding the
                                                      Montreal
                                                      Metro: the
                                                      conscious
                                                      decision by
                                                      the designers
                                                      of the
                                                      Montreal Metro
                                                      in the
                                                      1960s/1970s to
                                                      ignore
                                                      wheelchair
                                                      access was not
                                                      restricted to
                                                      transit at
                                                      that time.
                                                      With respect
                                                      to housing,
                                                      there is an
                                                      undergraduate
                                                      dormitory at
                                                      MIT, known as
                                                      New House,
                                                      which was
                                                      built in the
                                                      1970s: during
                                                      its design,
                                                      budget
                                                      constraints
                                                      forced a
                                                      choice between
                                                      either
                                                      elevators or
                                                      air
                                                      conditioning,
                                                      and ultimately
                                                      the latter was
                                                      chosen without
                                                      the former.
                                                      Thankfully,
                                                      recent
                                                      renovations
                                                      have added
                                                      elevators.)

                                                      Taxi
                                                      regulations
                                                      typically
                                                      pushed taxi
                                                      companies to
                                                      have a certain
                                                      percentage of
                                                      the fleet be
                                                      wheelchair
                                                      accessible,
                                                      but the rise
                                                      of TNCs has,
                                                      especially in
                                                      smaller
                                                      markets,
                                                      forced many
                                                      taxi companies
                                                      to close
                                                      entirely, and
                                                      those that
                                                      don't close
                                                      often first
                                                      get rid of
                                                      their
                                                      wheelchair
                                                      accessible
                                                      vehicles, as
                                                      those tend to
                                                      be more
                                                      expensive to
                                                      operate &
                                                      requires
                                                      further
                                                      training of
                                                      drivers in
                                                      their
                                                      operation,
                                                      while TNCs
                                                      have been
                                                      unwilling to
                                                      fill the gap
                                                      in this way;
                                                      this is
                                                      especially
                                                      problematic in
                                                      exactly these
                                                      smaller
                                                      markets where
                                                      there are few
                                                      alternatives
                                                      to driving
                                                      just to get
                                                      around for
                                                      work or normal
                                                      errands.

                                                      You & I
                                                      already know
                                                      that while bus
                                                      services can
                                                      work in
                                                      moderately
                                                      dense areas
                                                      along certain
                                                      corridors at
                                                      high frequency
                                                      and with good
                                                      connectivity,
                                                      far more
                                                      economic
                                                      opportunities
                                                      can be opened
                                                      up to people
                                                      marginalized
                                                      by the current
                                                      transportation
                                                      paradigm,
                                                      including
                                                      people with
                                                      disabilities,
                                                      through
                                                      on-demand
                                                      point-to-point
                                                      service, and
                                                      this looks to
                                                      be most
                                                      promising if
                                                      the promises
                                                      of shared
                                                      driverless
                                                      mobility can
                                                      be realized.
                                                      However, the
                                                      aforementioned
                                                      problems with
                                                      current
                                                      designs for
                                                      wheelchair
                                                      access need to
                                                      be seriously
                                                      considered as
                                                      a core issue
                                                      with the
                                                      design of
                                                      driverless
                                                      vehicles, and
                                                      not simply as
                                                      an
                                                      afterthought;
                                                      at least if
                                                      problems
                                                      arise, it may
                                                      be cheaper to
                                                      take a single
                                                      relatively
                                                      cheap car from
                                                      a large fleet
                                                      out of service
                                                      compared to a
                                                      single
                                                      relatively
                                                      expensive bus
                                                      from a
                                                      comparatively
                                                      smaller fleet.
                                                      In addition to
                                                      questions of
                                                      physical
                                                      ingress/egress,
                                                      there also
                                                      needs to be
                                                      consideration
                                                      of whether
                                                      there are
                                                      certain
                                                      nontrivial
                                                      ways that
                                                      current
                                                      drivers help
                                                      wheelchair
                                                      users
                                                      enter/exit
                                                      vehicles
                                                      (whether cars,
                                                      vans, or
                                                      buses) that
                                                      may not have
                                                      an obvious
                                                      replacement if
                                                      the driver is
                                                      removed (and
                                                      this would be
                                                      especially
                                                      critical if
                                                      driverless
                                                      cars ended up
                                                      retaining but
                                                      automating
                                                      current
                                                      designs for
                                                      ramps/lifts),
                                                      and whether
                                                      safety
                                                      regulations
                                                      for
                                                      wheelchairs to
                                                      be secured in
                                                      vehicles
                                                      (which is
                                                      required for
                                                      cars, vans,
                                                      and buses, but
                                                      typically not
                                                      for trains due
                                                      to the more
                                                      centralized
                                                      nature of
                                                      control &
                                                      lack of
                                                      "other"
                                                      traffic, and
                                                      which, when
                                                      required, is
                                                      typically
                                                      performed by
                                                      the driver)
                                                      need to be
                                                      revisited.

                                                      Perhaps the
                                                      issues of
                                                      ingress/egress
                                                      from buses,
                                                      proposed
                                                      ingress/egress
                                                      from
                                                      driverless
                                                      cars, and
                                                      general
                                                      sidewalk
                                                      access can all
                                                      be addressed
                                                      through a
                                                      concerted
                                                      effort to
                                                      simultaneously
                                                      redesign
                                                      sidewalks,
                                                      redesign
                                                      buses, and
                                                      propose new
                                                      standards for
                                                      driverless
                                                      vehicles, to
                                                      allow for
                                                      level boarding
                                                      (without ramps
                                                      or lifts).
                                                      This would not
                                                      only ensure
                                                      that
                                                      wheelchair
                                                      users
                                                      currently
                                                      using buses
                                                      and who may in
                                                      the future use
                                                      driverless
                                                      vehicles can
                                                      access them
                                                      without any
                                                      assistance,
                                                      but it would
                                                      also improve
                                                      the experience
                                                      for
                                                      pedestrians,
                                                      speed up
                                                      entry/exit of
                                                      passengers
                                                      from buses
                                                      which will
                                                      improve the
                                                      overall
                                                      experience,
                                                      and further
                                                      mitigate
                                                      problems for
                                                      people who may
                                                      not be in
                                                      wheelchairs
                                                      but may have
                                                      knee pain, may
                                                      be pushing a
                                                      stroller, et
                                                      cetera. The
                                                      biggest
                                                      improvements
                                                      from investing
                                                      in level
                                                      boarding would
                                                      be removing
                                                      all of the
                                                      costs
                                                      associated
                                                      with
                                                      ramps/lifts
                                                      aboard buses
                                                      and generally
                                                      metaphorically
                                                      leveling the
                                                      playing field
                                                      for wheelchair
                                                      users compared
                                                      to able-bodied
                                                      riders, such
                                                      that a
                                                      wheelchair
                                                      user will
                                                      essentially
                                                      never be in a
                                                      situation of
                                                      being unable
                                                      to ride a bus
                                                      or driverless
                                                      car when an
                                                      able-bodied
                                                      rider can ride
                                                      the same
                                                      vehicle.

                                                      All of this
                                                      focuses on
                                                      wheelchair
                                                      users, but
                                                      there are
                                                      other
                                                      disabilities
                                                      to consider
                                                      too. Apps or
                                                      kiosks to
                                                      summon
                                                      driverless
                                                      cars, as well
                                                      as the
                                                      interfaces
                                                      within the
                                                      cars
                                                      themselves,
                                                      will need to
                                                      be designed to
                                                      accommodate
                                                      people with
                                                      low
                                                      vision/blindness,
                                                      as well as
                                                      people with
                                                      mild mental
                                                      disabilities
                                                      (an example
                                                      can be found
                                                      here:
                                                      [https://usa.streetsblog.org/2020/06/25/new-app-makes-mass-transit-accessible-to-people-with-cognitive-disabilities/](https://usa.streetsblog.org/2020/06/25/new-app-makes-mass-transit-accessible-to-people-with-cognitive-disabilities/)
                                                      ); for
                                                      example, cars
                                                      meant for
                                                      people with
                                                      mental
                                                      disabilities
                                                      may need to
                                                      have a more
                                                      "friendly"
                                                      face on a
                                                      screen and be
                                                      able to
                                                      respond
                                                      reasonably
                                                      patiently to
                                                      people with a
                                                      reasonably
                                                      large range of
                                                      cognitive or
                                                      speech
                                                      disabilities
                                                      to fulfill the
                                                      role that kind
                                                      drivers may
                                                      currently
                                                      play. People
                                                      who may not
                                                      need a
                                                      wheelchair but
                                                      may have other
                                                      medical
                                                      equipment to
                                                      transport with
                                                      assistance,
                                                      like a
                                                      portable
                                                      oxygen tank,
                                                      may currently
                                                      require driver
                                                      assistance as
                                                      well as
                                                      accommodation
                                                      inside of the
                                                      vehicle, so
                                                      these things
                                                      need to be
                                                      considered for
                                                      the design of
                                                      driverless
                                                      cars. (These
                                                      points are
                                                      more
                                                      speculation
                                                      from me, as I
                                                      have been
                                                      insulated from
                                                      these issues
                                                      in my own
                                                      experience.)

                                                      This is my
                                                      summary for
                                                      your
                                                      newsletter,
                                                      which I have
                                                      tried to
                                                      tailor to the
                                                      context of
                                                      driverless
                                                      mobility.
                                                      "This is a
                                                      solid summary
                                                      of the current
                                                      state of the
                                                      strengths and
                                                      weaknesses of
                                                      public transit
                                                      and TNCs when
                                                      it comes to
                                                      wheelchair
                                                      access. I've
                                                      been saying
                                                      that a lot of
                                                      the problems
                                                      with
                                                      fixed-route
                                                      transit
                                                      service or
                                                      expensive
                                                      &
                                                      unreliable
                                                      point-to-point
                                                      paratransit
                                                      service can be
                                                      solved through
                                                      on-demand
                                                      point-to-point
                                                      shared
                                                      driverless
                                                      mobility,
                                                      giving much
                                                      more mobility
                                                      & freedom
                                                      to those
                                                      currently
                                                      marginalized
                                                      from today's
                                                      transportation
                                                      systems at a
                                                      much lower
                                                      cost through
                                                      sharing and
                                                      through taking
                                                      the driver out
                                                      of the
                                                      equation.
                                                      However,
                                                      driverless
                                                      mobility
                                                      developers
                                                      can't simply
                                                      take it as
                                                      given that
                                                      their products
                                                      will be a
                                                      cure-all - we
                                                      can't rest on
                                                      our laurels!
                                                      Accessibility
                                                      MUST be a core
                                                      value, and
                                                      just like
                                                      safety, MUST
                                                      be included as
                                                      a high minimum
                                                      constraint in
                                                      the design
                                                      process
                                                      itself, NOT
                                                      just slapped
                                                      on as an
                                                      afterthought
                                                      which breaks
                                                      way too often
                                                      (which was how
                                                      we got into
                                                      our current
                                                      mess). It
                                                      would be good
                                                      if there could
                                                      be more
                                                      coordination
                                                      among
                                                      driverless
                                                      mobility
                                                      developers,
                                                      transit
                                                      agencies,
                                                      other city
                                                      agencies, and
                                                      disability
                                                      advocacy
                                                      groups,
                                                      preferably
                                                      with people
                                                      with
                                                      disabilities
                                                      not simply
                                                      confined to
                                                      such advocacy
                                                      groups but
                                                      actually
                                                      directly
                                                      advising
                                                      developers
                                                      &
                                                      agencies, to
                                                      thoughtfully
                                                      ensure
                                                      wheelchair
                                                      access for
                                                      current and
                                                      future
                                                      mobility,
                                                      through
                                                      vehicles,
                                                      physical
                                                      infrastructure,
                                                      and other
                                                      aspects of the
                                                      ride. Plus,
                                                      drivers today
                                                      do a lot to
                                                      help people
                                                      with other
                                                      disabilities,
                                                      including
                                                      those with
                                                      medical
                                                      equipment,
                                                      mental
                                                      disabilities,
                                                      and so on, so
                                                      those riders'
                                                      needs have to
                                                      be considered
                                                      too - they
                                                      can't be an
                                                      afterthought
                                                      either just
                                                      because they
                                                      don't have
                                                      easily-recognizable
                                                      wheelchairs!"
                                                        Prashanth

Partnering with Volvo Car Group to scale the Waymo Driver

Company News, June 25, “On the path to building the World’s Most Experienced Driver, we partner with some of the world’s largest automakers to realize our mission to make it safe and easy for people and things to get where they’re going. We focus on custom designing our hardware suite, software, and compute. We then collaborate with carmakers, leveraging their expertise in automotive design, engineering, and manufacturing, to help us create vehicles that integrate easily with the Waymo Driver, making them well-suited for ride hailing, local delivery, trucking, and personal car ownership. That’s why we’re pleased to share today our latest automotive partnership.

                                                      Waymo is now
                                                      the exclusive
                                                      global L4
                                                      partner for
                                                      Volvo Car
                                                      Group, a
                                                      global leader
                                                      in automotive
                                                      safety,
                                                      including its
                                                      strategic
                                                      affiliates
                                                      Polestar and
                                                      Lynk & Co.
                                                      International.
                                                      Through our
                                                      strategic
                                                      partnership,
                                                      we will first
                                                      work together
                                                      to integrate
                                                      the Waymo
                                                      Driver into an
                                                      all-new
                                                      mobility-focused
                                                      electric
                                                      vehicle
                                                      platform for
                                                      ride hailing
                                                      services.

                                                      Adam Frost,
                                                      Chief
                                                      Automotive
                                                      Officer,
                                                      Waymo: "This
                                                      key
                                                      partnership
                                                      with Volvo Car
                                                      Group helps
                                                      pave the path
                                                      to the
                                                      deployment of
                                                      the Waymo
                                                      Driver
                                                      globally in
                                                      years to come,
                                                      and represents
                                                      an important
                                                      milestone in
                                                      the highly
                                                      competitive
                                                      autonomous
                                                      vehicle
                                                      industry.
                                                      Volvo Car
                                                      Group shares
                                                      our vision of
                                                      creating an
                                                      autonomous
                                                      future where
                                                      roads are
                                                      safer, and
                                                      transportation
                                                      is more
                                                      accessible and
                                                      greener. We're
                                                      thrilled to
                                                      welcome Volvo
                                                      Car Group as
                                                      our latest
                                                      automotive
                                                      partner."..."
                                                      [Read more](https://blog.waymo.com/2020/06/partnering-with-volvo-car-group-to.html)  Hmmm...  Yes,
                                                      Waymo is in
                                                      the Driver
                                                      building
                                                      business and
                                                      not the Car
                                                      building
                                                      business.  The
                                                      Car is
                                                      the commodity
                                                      here, not the
                                                      Driver.
                                                         Details
                                                      certainly
                                                      matter, but on
                                                      the surface,
                                                      this deal
                                                      seems to
                                                      benefit Volvo
                                                      much more than
                                                      Waymo.  Plus,
                                                      Waymo may need
                                                      to be very
                                                      careful to not
                                                      get
                                                      Levandowshied
                                                      again.

See and Andrew Hawkin’s take on this...Volvo will use Waymo’s self-driving technology to power a fleet of electric robotaxis Alain

TuSimple is laying the groundwork for a coast-to-coast autonomous trucking network

A. Hawkins, July 1, “Autonomous trucking startup TuSimple is joining forces with big logistics providers as it seeks to bolster its delivery capabilities. The company announced it will be working with UPS, Xpress Enterprises, Penske Trucking, and Berkshire Hathaway-owned grocery and food-service distributor McLane to lay the foundation for a coast-to-coast autonomous trucking network.

                                                      TuSimple aims
                                                      to be making
                                                      nearly 100
                                                      delivery runs
                                                      a week,
                                                      doubling its
                                                      current number
                                                      of freight
                                                      hauls, but the
                                                      ramp-up will
                                                      take place
                                                      over the next
                                                      four years....

TuSimple is aiming for a fully driverless system, but currently its trucks include a human operator to take over driving when needed. … “ Read more  Hmmm… Seepromotional video.  It is a shame that TuSimple does not promote the enhanced driver working conditions that its technology provides today but instead focuses on only the removal of the driver at some distant future.  By that time all the benefits have been discounted to zero. Whatever! :-X  Alain

Stock surge makes Tesla the world’s most valuable automaker

                                                      T. Lee, July
                                                      1,  "One share
                                                      of Tesla stock
                                                      traded for
                                                      more than
                                                      $1,130 on
                                                      Wednesday,
                                                      pushing the
                                                      company's
                                                      market
                                                      capitalization
                                                      to nearly $210
                                                      billion. That
                                                      sent Tesla's
                                                      market cap
                                                      past Toyota,
                                                      which is worth
                                                      either $170
                                                      billion or
                                                      $203 billion,
                                                      depending on
                                                      how you count
                                                      it. Tesla is
                                                      now the
                                                      world's most
                                                      valuable car
                                                      company.

                                                      It's a
                                                      remarkable
                                                      milestone for
                                                      a company that
                                                      sells far
                                                      fewer cars
                                                      than its
                                                      leading
                                                      rivals. Toyota
                                                      and its
                                                      subsidiaries
                                                      sold 10.7
                                                      million
                                                      vehicles in
                                                      2019, while
                                                      Volkswagen and
                                                      its
                                                      subsidiaries
                                                      sold almost 11
                                                      million
                                                      vehicles.
                                                      Tesla sold a
                                                      comparatively
                                                      tiny 367,500
                                                      vehicles last
                                                      year.

                                                      But Wall
                                                      Street is
                                                      apparently
                                                      very
                                                      optimistic
                                                      about Tesla's
                                                      prospects for
                                                      future growth
                                                      and
                                                      profits..." [Read more](https://arstechnica.com/cars/2020/07/stock-surge-makes-tesla-the-worlds-most-valuable-automaker/)  Hmmm....
                                                      Whew!!! See
                                                      Fred Lambert's
                                                      [Tesla (TSLA) pushes to new all-time high as Q2 is looking better than expected](https://electrek.co/2020/06/30/tesla-tsla-pushes-all-time-high-q2/).  Sure am glad I didn't short @
                                                      $400. :-)
                                                      Alain

Tesla Overtakes Exxon’s Market Value in Symbolic Energy Shift

D. Wethe, June 30, “Tesla Inc.’s market value has surpassed Exxon Mobil Corp.’s in a sign that investors are increasingly betting on a global energy transition away from fossil fuels.

                                                      Elon Musk's
                                                      Tesla, now at
                                                      $201 billion
                                                      in market
                                                      capitalization,
                                                      is surging on
                                                      the
                                                      billionaire's
                                                      optimism that
                                                      his company
                                                      can avoid a
                                                      second-quarter
                                                      loss. Exxon,
                                                      which dropped
                                                      to $185
                                                      billion, is
                                                      reeling from
                                                      the worst
                                                      crude-price
                                                      crash in
                                                      history. The
                                                      largest oil
                                                      company in the
                                                      Western
                                                      Hemisphere is
                                                      preparing to
                                                      cut some of
                                                      its U.S.
                                                      workforce...."
                                                      [Read more](https://arstechnica.com/cars/2020/07/stock-surge-makes-tesla-the-worlds-most-valuable-automaker/)  Hmmm....
                                                      Whew!!!  Who
                                                      would have
                                                      thought??
                                                      You can't make
                                                      up this
                                                      stuff!  Alain

Waymo to expand autonomous truck testing in the American Southwest

K. Wiggers, June 30, “Today during a briefing with members of the media, Waymo head of commercialization for trucking Charlie Jatt outlined the company’s go-to-market plans for Waymo Via, its self-driving delivery division. In the future, Waymo will partner with OEMs and Tier 1 suppliers to equip cloud-based trucks manufactured and sold to the market with its autonomous systems. In addition, Waymo will work with fleets to provide its software services and offer support for things like mapping and remote fleet assistance.

                                                      As Waymo
                                                      transitions to
                                                      this model,
                                                      Jatt said that
                                                      Waymo intends
                                                      to own and
                                                      offer its own
                                                      fleet of
                                                      trucks — at
                                                      least in the
                                                      short term.
                                                      One of the
                                                      delivery
                                                      solutions it's
                                                      exploring is a
                                                      transfer-hub
                                                      model where,
                                                      rather than an
                                                      automated
                                                      truck covering
                                                      an entire
                                                      journey, there
                                                      will be a mix
                                                      of an
                                                      automated
                                                      portion and a
                                                      portion
                                                      involving
                                                      manually
                                                      driven,
                                                      human-manned
                                                      trucks.
                                                      Automated
                                                      vehicle
                                                      transfer hubs
                                                      close to
                                                      highways would
                                                      handle the
                                                      switch-off and
                                                      minimize
                                                      surface street
                                                      driving.

                                                      In a first
                                                      step toward
                                                      this vision,
                                                      Waymo says it
                                                      will soon
                                                      expand testing
                                                      on roads in
                                                      New Mexico,
                                                      Arizona, and
                                                      Texas along
                                                      the I-10
                                                      corridor
                                                      between
                                                      Phoenix and
                                                      Tuscon, as
                                                      previously
                                                      announced.
                                                      This year
                                                      Waymo mapped
                                                      routes between
                                                      Phoenix, El
                                                      Paso, Dallas,
                                                      and Houston
                                                      and ramped up
                                                      testing in
                                                      California on
                                                      freeways in
                                                      Mountain View,
                                                      but the focus
                                                      for the rest
                                                      of 2020 will
                                                      be on the
                                                      American
                                                      Southwest.  "
                                                      [Read more](https://venturebeat.com/2020/06/30/waymo-expanding-autonomous-truck-testing-in-american-southwest/)  Hmmm...  Once
                                                      again, Waymo,
                                                      along with
                                                      TuSimple may
                                                      well be
                                                      missing an THE
                                                      opportunity to
                                                      get started by
                                                      not focusing
                                                      on the human
                                                      driving
                                                      enhancement
                                                      features that
                                                      provide real
                                                      tangible value
                                                      to any
                                                      long-haul
                                                      truck fleet
                                                      (reduced
                                                      expected
                                                      self-insurance
                                                      expenditures,
                                                      improve driver
                                                      retention,
                                                      create happier
                                                      workforce,
                                                      improved
                                                      driver
                                                      productivity,
                                                      ...) and
                                                      instead
                                                      focuses on the
                                                      extraction of
                                                      the driver
                                                      from the
                                                      truck.  No one
                                                      is ready to
                                                      have
                                                      driverless
                                                      trucks
                                                      traveling long
                                                      hauls down
                                                      interstates.
                                                      Every
                                                      breakdown will
                                                      be a complete
                                                      fubar and the
                                                      first crash
                                                      will instantly
                                                      halt
                                                      everything and
                                                      substantially
                                                      devalue the
                                                      ranch.  Whatever!
                                                      Alain

AutonomouStuff June News

Staff, June 30, “In this issue:

  • Safety Q&A on ISO 26262 and beyond with VP John Buszek

  • University of Illinois expands autonomous safety with AS

  • Highlight: Qumulo Shift for AWS S3

  • In stock: Velodyne Alpha Prime

                                                        ..." [Read more](https://myemail.constantcontact.com/The-latest-from-AutonomouStuff.html?soid=1124049885980&aid=pIjjW0JAef4)  Hmmm...
                                                        Bobby, keep up
                                                        the good work.
                                                        :-)
                                                        Alain
    

Fatality Facts 2018: Collisions with fixed objects and animals

Staff, December 2019, “About 20 percent of motor vehicle crash deaths result from a vehicle leaving the roadway and hitting a fixed object alongside the road. Trees, utility poles, and traffic barriers are the most common objects struck. Almost half of the deaths in fixed object crashes occur at night. Alcohol is a frequent contributing factor. Motorists also run off the road because of excessive speeds, falling asleep, inattention or poor visibility.

                                                      From 1975 to
                                                      the mid-2000s
                                                      there was a
                                                      general upward
                                                      trend in
                                                      deaths from
                                                      collisions
                                                      with animals,
                                                      but this trend
                                                      has leveled
                                                      off over the
                                                      past decade.
                                                      In 2018, these
                                                      deaths
                                                      occurred most
                                                      often during
                                                      July-September...."
                                                      [Read more](https://www.iihs.org/topics/fatality-statistics/detail/collisions-with-fixed-objects-and-animals)  Hmmm...  Some
                                                      interesting
                                                      facts here
                                                      that rectify
                                                      some
                                                      statements
                                                      made in our [Zoom-inar (Video replay)  Insurance: For or Against SmartDrivingCars?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UHlPaNmjeag&feature=youtu.be)
                                                      Alain

Lyft resumes autonomous vehicle testing on public roads

K. Wiggers, June 30, “Roughly three months after the pandemic halted its autonomous vehicle tests, Lyft today announced its safety operators will resume driving a portion of its cars on public roads. An employee-only autonomous ride-hailing pilot in Palo Alto remains on pause. But in a blog post, Lyft director of product Sameer Qureshi and director of engineering Robert Morgan characterized road testing as a “critical” part of Lyft’s driverless systems development.

                                                      In March,
                                                      Lyft's safety
                                                      drivers —
                                                      along with
                                                      engineers and
                                                      developers —
                                                      were told to
                                                      stay home
                                                      until further
                                                      notice as
                                                      shelter-in-place
                                                      orders made
                                                      public road
                                                      testing
                                                      impossible. In
                                                      the interim,
                                                      the company
                                                      has leaned on
                                                      simulation to
                                                      further refine
                                                      its platform.
                                                      Autonomous
                                                      vehicle
                                                      developers
                                                      agree that
                                                      simulation
                                                      supplements
                                                      but can't
                                                      replace
                                                      real-world
                                                      experience.

                                                      A spokesperson
                                                      said Lyft
                                                      would continue
                                                      to abide by
                                                      the U.S.
                                                      Centers for
                                                      Disease
                                                      Control and
                                                      Prevention
                                                      guidelines and
                                                      work with
                                                      local
                                                      governments in
                                                      deciding
                                                      whether to
                                                      pause testing
                                                      in the future.
                                                      This week,
                                                      governors in
                                                      Washington,
                                                      California,
                                                      Florida, and
                                                      Texas walked
                                                      back some of
                                                      their
                                                      reopening
                                                      plans as
                                                      COVID-19 cases
                                                      rose in more
                                                      than 30 states
                                                      across the
                                                      U.S.

                                                      Currently,
                                                      Lyft safety
                                                      drivers are
                                                      using personal
                                                      protective
                                                      equipment
                                                      (including
                                                      face shields)
                                                      and taking
                                                      precautionary
                                                      steps inside
                                                      the driverless
                                                      vehicles. Two
                                                      drivers will
                                                      be paired
                                                      together for
                                                      two weeks at a
                                                      time and
                                                      subject to
                                                      temperature
                                                      checks, and
                                                      separated by
                                                      partitions
                                                      installed
                                                      inside the
                                                      regularly
                                                      sanitized
                                                      cars... " [Read more](https://venturebeat.com/2020/06/30/lyft-resumes-autonomous-vehicle-testing-on-public-roads/)  Hmmm...  OK, I guess.  :-\
                                                      Alain

Refraction AI’s robots start delivering groceries in Ann Arbor

K. Wiggers, June 30, “Refraction AI, a company developing semi-autonomous delivery robots, today began handling select customers’ orders from Ann Arbor, Michigan’s Produce Station. This marks the startup’s first foray into grocery delivery after the launch of its restaurant delivery service. The move comes as Refraction reports a 3-4 times uptick in pandemic-related demand….

                                                      Refraction
                                                      says from
                                                      today
                                                      customers
                                                      within a
                                                      three-mile
                                                      radius of
                                                      Produce
                                                      Station can
                                                      have orders
                                                      delivered by
                                                      its REV-1
                                                      robot. After
                                                      customers
                                                      order through
                                                      a dedicated
                                                      website,
                                                      Refraction's
                                                      employees load
                                                      the vehicles
                                                      at the store,
                                                      and recipients
                                                      receive text
                                                      message
                                                      updates, along
                                                      with a code to
                                                      open the
                                                      robot's
                                                      storage
                                                      compartment
                                                      when it
                                                      arrives.... "
                                                      [Read more](https://venturebeat.com/2020/06/30/refraction-ais-autonomous-robots-begin-delivering-groceries-in-ann-arbor/)  Hmmm...  OK, I guess.
                                                      Alain

Watch Tesla Autopilot swerve at last second to avoid a deer

                                                      F. Lambert,
                                                      July 7, "We
                                                      are starting
                                                      to see an
                                                      increasing
                                                      number of
                                                      reports from
                                                      Tesla owners
                                                      about
                                                      Autopilot
                                                      doing some
                                                      really
                                                      aggressive
                                                      maneuvers to
                                                      avoid
                                                      crashes.  In
                                                      this new
                                                      example, a
                                                      Tesla owner
                                                      shares a video
                                                      of Autopilot
                                                      swerving to
                                                      avoid a deer
                                                      at the last
                                                      second...."  [Read more](https://electrek.co/2020/07/01/tesla-autopilot-video-avoid-deer/) Hmmmm...  Impressive.  But I sure
                                                      hope that it
                                                      knew another
                                                      car wasn't in
                                                      the on-coming
                                                      left lane.
                                                      I'm sure it
                                                      did.  (If the
                                                      choice between
                                                      a stationary
                                                      deer or an
                                                      on-coming ???
                                                      I'll always
                                                      pick the
                                                      deer...)

Wonder why it waited so long to do the maneuver and why it didn’t seem to slow down.  It must have seen it a full 2 seconds before it passed it. Seems like Tesla needs to do more work here.  It may well have been really lucky here (No on-coming traffic, dry straight road, …).  See video. Alain

                                                      New
                                                      Roman"">    [Draft](https://www.dropbox.com/s/p7t7fwkm1wu9n3g/ProgramDraft1_4thAnnualPrincetonSDC_Summit.pdf?dl=0)Princeton
                                                      SmartDrivingCar
                                                      Summit

                                                      Postponed until Evening Oct. 20
                                                      through Oct.
                                                      22, 2020 (But
                                                      will likely
                                                      need to be
                                                      completely
                                                      Virtual,
                                                      possibly in "[Second life](https://secondlife.com/)") A.
                                                      Kornhauser,
                                                      Feb 6, "The
                                                      focus of the
                                                      Summit this
                                                      year will be
                                                      moving beyond
                                                      the AI and the
                                                      Sensors to
                                                      addressing the
                                                      challenges of Commercialization and  the delivery of tangible value to communities.
                                                      We've made
                                                      enormous
                                                      progress with
                                                      the
                                                      technology.
                                                      We're doing
                                                      the
                                                      investment;
                                                      however, this
                                                      investment
                                                      delivers value
                                                      only if is
                                                      commercialized:
                                                      made available
                                                      and is used by
                                                      consumers in
                                                      large
                                                      numbers.
                                                      Demos and
                                                      one-offs are
                                                      "great", but
                                                      to deliver
                                                      value that is
                                                      anywhere near
                                                      commensurate
                                                      with the
                                                      magnitude of
                                                      the investment
                                                      made to date,
                                                      initial
                                                      deployments
                                                      need to
                                                      scale.  We
                                                      can't just
                                                      have
                                                      "Morgantown
                                                      PRT Systems"
                                                      whose initial
                                                      deployment has
                                                      been nothing
                                                      but enormously
                                                      successful for
                                                      45 years (an
                                                      essentially
                                                      perfect safety
                                                      record, an
                                                      excellent
                                                      availability
                                                      record and
                                                      customer
                                                      valued
                                                      mobility).
                                                      Unfortunately,
                                                      the system was
                                                      never expanded
                                                      or duplicated
                                                      anywhere.  It
                                                      didn't scale.
                                                      It is a
                                                      one-off.

Tests, demos and one-offs are nice niche deployments; however, what one really needs are initial deployments that have the opportunity to grow, be replicated and scale.  In 1888, Frank Sprague, successfully deployed a small electric street railway system in Richmond, Va.  which became the reference for many other cites.  “… By 1889 110 electric railways incorporating Sprague’s equipment had been begun or planned on several continents…” Substantial scaled societal benefits emerged virally from this technology. It was eventually supplanted by the conventional automobile but for more than 30 years it delivered substantial improvements to the quality-of-life for many.

                                                      In part, the
                                                      4th Summit
                                                      will focus on
                                                      defining the
                                                      "Richmond" of
                                                      Affordable
                                                      Shared-ride
                                                      On-demand
                                                      Mobility-as-a-Service.
                                                      The initial
                                                      Operational
                                                      Design Domain
                                                      (ODD) that
                                                      safely
                                                      accommodates
                                                      Driverless
                                                      Mobility
                                                      Machines that
                                                      people
                                                      actually
                                                      choose to use
                                                      and becomes
                                                      the envy of
                                                      communities
                                                      throughout the
                                                      Program is
                                                      in flux.
                                                      Consider all
                                                      named
                                                      individuals as
                                                      "Invited yet
                                                      to be
                                                      confirmed".
                                                      Alain

C’mon Man!(These

                                                      folks didn't
                                                      get/read the
                                                      memo)

##

Sunday Supplement

Half-Baked

Click-Bait

Calendar

                                                      of Upcoming
                                                      Events:s

                                                      New
                                                      Roman""> [SmartDrivingCar Zoom-inar 005](http://zoom-tank.com/) AV
                                                      Shark-Tank:

Topic to be Announced

Live Monday, July 13 @ 2pm New York Time

Register Here

                                                      Virtual,
                                                      Evening Oct.
                                                      20 -> Oct
                                                      22.

SmartDrivingCar Summit

Princeton University Princeton, NJ

On the More Technical Side

http://orfe.princeton.edu/~alaink/SmartDrivingCars/Papers/

###

###

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 162, Zoom-Cast Episode 162 w/Cliff Winston

###

F. Fishkin, June 25, “From the Brookings Institution, Cliff Winston, co-author of Autonomous Vehicles…The Road to Economic Growth? joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin. Plus..why are fatal crash rates rising in the midst of a pandemic…plus NVIDIA, Didi, Tesla and more.”

                                                      ...
                                                      Alain [SmartDrivingCar Zoom-inar 004](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UHlPaNmjeag&feature=youtu.be) Insurance:
                                                      For or Against SmartDrivingCars?

###

                                                F. Fishkin, June 23,
                                                "But the debate is
                                                not really about
                                                technology nor is it
                                                about who delivers
                                                the best value for
                                                the money or the
                                                most privacy. It is
                                                about ..."

Listen/Watch more  Hmmm…   We only scratched the surface. Alain SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 161, Zoom-Cast Episode 161 w/Alberto Stochino

###

F. Fishkin, June 17, “Is less data sometimes more when it comes to driverless vehicle technology? Perceptive Founder and CEO Alberto Stochino joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin for that plus the DOT’s new plan for sharing autonomous safety information, the latest from Tesla, EVs from China and more.” …  Alain

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 160, Zoom-Cast Episode 160 w/Jessica Cicchino

###

F. Fishkin, June 12, “Insurance Institute for Highway Safety Research VP Jessica Cicchino co-authored a new study saying self driving vehicles could struggle to eliminate most crashes.   She joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin to discuss the study.  Plus the latest on Tesla, Ford & VW, Covid-19 and more.  “   “Alexa, play the Smart Driving Cars podcast!”. Ditto with Siri, and GooglePlay … Alain

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 159,  Zoom-Cast Episode 159 w/Kara Kockelman

###

F. Fishkin, June 4, “Prof. Kara Kockelman’s focus on smart transportation to save lives, money and the environment has made her a sought after global expert.  The U. of Texas Transportation Engineering Professor joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin on the impact of Covid-19 and much more. Plus Tesla, Uber, Argo AI and the top smart driving headlines. For more on Dr. Kockelman’s work….please visit…  http://www.caee.utexas.edu/prof/kockelman.”

                                                  [SmartDrivingCars Zoom-inar 003 Everyone's for Connectivity; but...](https://youtu.be/DMNLH_fkcI4) F. Fishkin, June
                                                  2, "But the debate
                                                  is not really
                                                  about technology
                                                  nor is it about
                                                  who delivers the
                                                  best value for the
                                                  money or the most
                                                  privacy. It is
                                                  about ..."

Listen/Watch more  Hmmm…   We only scratched the surface. Alain

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 158, Zoom-Cast Episode 158 w/Chunka Mui

###

                                                      F. Fishkin,
                                                      May 28, "In
                                                      the midst of
                                                      the Covid-19
                                                      pandemic, what
                                                      are the
                                                      smartest ways
                                                      to re-build
                                                      and plan for
                                                      the future?
                                                      Futurist and
                                                      author Chunka
                                                      Mui joins
                                                      Princeton's
                                                      Alain
                                                      Kornhauser and
                                                      co-host Fred
                                                      Fishkin for
                                                      that plus
                                                      Amazon, Zoox,
                                                      Intel
                                                      Mobileye,
                                                      Tesla, Uber
                                                      and more." SmartDrivingCars
                                                  [Pod-Cast Episode 157](https://soundcloud.com/smartdrivingcar/smart-driving-cars-episode-157),
                                                  [Zoom-Cast Episode 157](https://youtu.be/AQbuiJ70c7U)
                                                  w/Grayson Brulte

F. Fishkin, May 21, “Global auto makers must completely re-think their autonomous mobility strategy as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. So says innovation strategist Grayson Brulte of Brulte & Company….who joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin. Plus…Waymo, Tesla, Uber and more.”

###

                                                  SmartDrivingCars
                                                    Zoom-inar 002  [The Future of Public Roadway Transit](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3sqBZZzezUg)

(Will the Bus be Thrown Under the Bus?)

###

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 156, Cars Zoom-Cast Episode 156 w/Danny Shapiro2

###

F. Fishkin, May 14, “With new hardware and software capabilities NVIDIA is expanding into new areas of driver assistance technology. Sr. Director of Automotive Danny Shapiro joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin for that…plus the latest on Waymo, Voyage, Ford and more. listen and subscribe!”   “Alexa, play the Smart Driving Cars podcast!”. Ditto with Siri, and GooglePlay … Alain

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 155, Zoom-Cast Episode 155 w/Alex Roy2

###

F. Fishkin, April 29, “The continuing impact of Covid-19 on autonomous vehicle progress. But it may not be all bad news. Alex Roy…host of the No Parking Podcast and Director of Special Operations at Argo AI joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin for that plus Tesla, Intel, Lyft, Uber and more. Listen and subscribe!”

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 154, Zoom-Cast Episode 154 w/Dan Sperling

###

F. Fishkin, April 29, “Can ride sharing rebound after the pandemic? Daniel Sperling, founding director of the Institute of Transportation Studies at UC Davis joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin for that plus Tesla, Waymo, Ford and more.”

SmartDrivingCars Zoom-inar 001 The Driverless New Normal Debate

###

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 153, Zoom-Cast Episode 153 w/Dick Mudge2

###

F. Fishkin, April 17, “The plummeting price of oil and what it may mean for mobility, ride sharing and the economy.. Dick Mudge, founder and president of Compass Transportation & Technology joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin for that plus GM, Uber and more on the Coronavirus impact.”

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 152, Zoom-Cast Episode 152  w/Brad Templeton

###

F. Fishkin, April 17, “Can robotaxis survive a pandemic? Internet pioneer, self driving car consultant and author Brad Templeton joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin in a wide ranging chat on the impact today and the future. Plus…Uber, Zoox, Waymo, Tesla and more.”   “

###

###

SmartDrivingCars Podcast Episode 148 - Richard Bishop F. Fishkin, Mar. 26, “The Smart Driving Cars podcast with automated driving strategy consultant Richard Bishop joining Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin. Is automated trucking dead? Also…Covid-19 puts Waymo in park, the latest on Tesla and more. listen and subscribe!” …  Alain

SmartDrivingCars Zoom-Cast Episode 148 - Richard Bishop Video version… Watch our first attempt…. Alain

Smart Driving Cars Podcast Episode 147 - Michael Sena

F. Fishkin, Mar. 14, “From Sweden…The Dispatcher editor Michael Sena joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin as Covid-19 takes a toll on Waymo, Uber and more. Plus Saving the Car Industries in the U.S. and the EU… the latest from Future Networked Car 2020 in Geneva and more.” Smart Driving Cars Podcast Episode 142 - J. Hughes

F. Fishkin, Feb 15, “What shifting populations mean for the future of mobility and transportation. Leading expert Jim Hughes of Rutgers University joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin for that plus the latest on Tesla, GM, Comma AI’s inexpensive autopilot, Aptiv, Lyft and more. Tune in and subscribe! “

Smart Driving Cars Podcast Episode 141- A. Roy

F. Fishkin, Feb 7, “The latest glossary of BS in mobility, self driving and autonomy from author, podcaster and cannonball driver Alex Roy on Smart Driving Cars with Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin. Plus the news from Tesla, Nuro, Waymo, GM and more! “

Smart Driving Cars Podcast Episode 139- Randal O’Toole

F. Fishkin, Jan 25, “Adaptive cruise control and self driving tech may lead to more urban sprawl. But the Cato Institute’s Randal O’Toole says maybe that isn’t a bad thing. He joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin for that plus Subaru’s tech, GM’s Cruise, Tesla and more on the Smart Driving Cars podcast. This edition is sponsored by the SmartETFs Smart Transportation and Technology ETF, symbol MOTO. For more information…head to www.motoetf.com   “

Smart Driving Cars Podcast Episode 138-Nick Zart

F. Fishkin, Jan 18, “The new mobility on the ground and in the air. Nicolas Zart joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co host Fred Fishkin for a discussion on Urban Air Mobility…plus..Qualcomm, NVIDIA, Mobileye, Waymo and more in this edition of the Smart Driving Cars podcast.” Smart Driving Cars Podcast Episode 136

F. Fishkin, Jan 6, “He’s back! Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser…still on the mend …but opinionated as ever…joins co-host Fred Fishkin for a look at the latest from Waymo, Tesla and more in Episode 136 of the Smart Driving Cars podcast. “ Smart Driving Cars Podcast Episode 135 - with Jim Atkinson

F. Fishkin, Dec 5, “In this special edition… the launch of a new exchange traded fund focused on smart transportation and technology. Guinness Atkinson Asset Management CEO Jim Atkinson joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin for that plus..a push by the Coalition for Future Mobility for action in Washington, AutoX wants driverless testing in California and Aptiv grows in Pittsburgh. “

Smart Driving Cars Podcast Episode 130 with Dick Mudge & Michael Sena

F. Fishkin, Nov. 1, “An updated outlook for automated vehicles…Tesla, Waymo , Ford, VW and more. Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin are joined by guests Michael Sena and Dick Mudge in the latest edition of Smart Driving Cars!”

Smart Driving Cars Podcast Episode 112 - J. Hardiman NJM F. Fishkin, June 9, “Should the insurance industry be pushing more safety and autonomous tech in cars? It’s a win, win says Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser. Joining him in the discussion along with co-host Fred Fishkin is NJM’s John Hardiman, a board member of the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Also…Fiat Chrysler, Ford and more.”

Smart Driving Cars Podcast Episode 110 - Lance Elliot F. Fishkin, May 25, “ The untold secrets of driverless car videos. Dr. Lance Eliot joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin for a liveley discussion. Plus…Waymo brings back self driving trucks, so will Daimler and is the future driverless for Uber and Lyft. Tune in and subscribe!” Smart Driving Cars Podcast Episode 108 3rd Summit Wrapup

###

F. Fishkin, May 18, “Wrapping up the 3rd annual Princeton Smart Driving Car Summit, Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin zero in on mobility for all and more. It’s just getting started. Plus the headlines from Nissan, Tesla, Uber and Lyft. Tune in and subscribe!”

Smart Driving Cars Podcast Episode 107 3rd Summit Leilei Shinohara & Staff Sergeant Terence McDonnell

F. Fishkin, May 18, “In this special edition from the 3rd Annual Princeton Smart Driving Cars Summit, Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin are joined by RoboSense VP Leilei Shinohara on the LiDAR’s benefits. And view of autonomous technology from law enforcement with New York State Police

                                                  Staff Sergeant
                                                  Terence
                                                  McDonnell." [Smart Driving Cars Podcast Episode 106 3rd Summit David Kidd & Cecillia Feeley](https://soundcloud.com/smartdrivingcar/smart-driving-cars-episode-106)

F. Fishkin, May 18, “From the 3rd Annual Princeton Smart Driving Car Summit, David Kidd from the Highway Loss Data Institute joins Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin and then on site preliminary research results on mobility for all with Cecilia Feeley and Andrea Lubin from Rutgers.”

Smart Driving Cars Podcast Episode 104 3rd Summit Anil Lewis & Katherine Freund

F. Fishkin, May 18,, “From the 3rd Annual Princeton Smart Driving Car Summit, join Professor Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin. In this special edition, the summit’s focus on mobility for all with guests Anil Lewis, Executive Director of Blindness Initiatives at the National Federation of the Blind and ITN America Founder Katherine Freund.”

Smart Driving Cars Podcast Episode 97 - Michael Sena’69

March 28, F. Fishkin, “The Future Networked Car? From Sweden, The Dispatcher publisher, Michael Sena, joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin for the latest edition of Smart Driving Cars. Plus …the Boeing story has much to do with autonomous vehicles and more. Tune in and subscribe.”

Smart Driving Cars Podcast Episode 71-Nader’55

F. Fishkin, Dec. 13,  “When it comes to self driving cars, Ralph Nader says “Not so fast.” The renowned political activist and author takes the government and the industry to task in a super sized Episode 71 of the Smart Driving Cars Podcast. Join Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin for that and more!” Smart Driving Cars Podcast Episode 69 - Chunka Mui

F. Fishkin, Nov 29, “What will it take for driverless vehicles to become a leading form of transportation? Futurist and author Chunka Mui joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin for Episode 69 of the Smart Driving Cars podcast. Plus…Waymo, GM, Amazon and more. Tune in and subscribe! “

Smart Driving Cars Podcast Episode 65 - Bernard Soriano, CA DMV

F. Fishkin, Nov 1, “California gives Waymo the green light for fully driverless vehicle testing on public roads and the state’s deputy director of the Department of Motor Vehicles, Bernard Soriano, joins the Smart Driving Cars podcast with the no nonsense details. Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin explore that and more. Tune in and subscribe!”

Smart Driving Cars Podcast Episode 58-Keith Code,Motorcycles

F. Fishkin, Sept 22  “In this edition of the Smart Driving Cars Podcast, Alain Kornhauser of Princeton University and co-host Fred Fishkin are joined by the founder of the Superbike School, Keith Code. Keith is an instructor, coach, author and researcher into motorcycle safety…and a champion racer. Beyond that….he’s an old high school friend of Alain’s! And there’s more on BMW, Apple, VW and more! . Tune in and subscribe!”

Smart Driving Cars Podcast Episode 55-Larry Burns, Autonomy

F. Fishkin, Sept 6,  “The coming new world of driverless cars! In Episode 55 of the Smart Driving Cars podcast former GM VP and adviser to Waymo Larry Burns chats with Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and Fred Fishkin about his new book “Autonomy: The Quest to Build the Driverless Car and How it Will Reshape Our World”

Recent Highlights of:

                                                      [Motor Vehicle Fatality Rates Jump 36.6% in April Despite Quarantines, Says National Safety Council](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/motor-vehicle-fatality-rates-jump-36-6-in-april-despite-quarantines-says-national-safety-council-301082390.html#:~:text=Preliminary%20estimates%20from%20the%20National,same%20time%20period%20last%20year.)

Press release, June 24, “ Preliminary estimates based on April data from all 50 states indicate that for the second straight month, Americans did not reap any safety benefit from having less roadway traffic. In fact, the roads became even more lethal as miles driven plummeted. Preliminary estimates from the National Safety Council show a year-over-year 36.6% jump in fatality rates per miles driven in April, in spite of an 18% drop in the total number of roadway deaths compared to April 2019. The actual number of miles driven dropped 40% compared to the same time period last year. The mileage death rate per 100 million vehicle miles driven was 1.47 in April compared to 1.08 in 2019….

“Even without traffic, our roads were no safer,” said Lorraine M. Martin, president and CEO of the National Safety Council. “It is heartbreaking to see the carnage on our roadways continue, especially when our medical professionals should be able to focus intently on treating a pandemic rather than preventable car crashes. These numbers underscore our urgent need to change the culture of safety on our roads.” ..”  Read more  Hmmm…. Wow!!! Does COVID-19 have any silver linings??  So highway deaths aren’t as well correlated to VMT as we/I had thought. what are the other big terms is the relationship? Alcohol consumption?, Speed?, all the safe drivers staying home and only the high liability drivers (teenagers and Generation COVIDs out there texting??? Alain

U.S. Transportation Secretary Elaine L. Chao Announces First Participants in New Automated Vehicle Initiative to Improve Safety, Testing, and Public Engagement

Press release, June 15, “The U.S. Department of Transportation today announced nine companies and eight States that have signed on as the first participants in a new Department initiative to improve the safety and testing transparency of automated driving systems, the Automated Vehicle Transparency and Engagement for Safe Testing (AV TEST) Initiative. The participating companies are Beep, Cruise, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, Local Motors, Navya, Nuro, Toyota, Uber, and Waymo. The States are California, Florida, Maryland, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Utah.

                                                      "Through this
                                                      initiative,
                                                      the Department
                                                      is creating a
                                                      formal
                                                      platform for
                                                      Federal,
                                                      State, and
                                                      local
                                                      government to
                                                      coordinate and
                                                      share
                                                      information in
                                                      a standard
                                                      way," said
                                                      U.S.
                                                      Transportation
                                                      Secretary
                                                      Elaine L.
                                                      Chao. ...

This initiative aligns with the Department’s leadership on automated driving system vehicles, including AV 4.0:  Ensuring American Leadership in Automated Vehicle Technologies.Read more  Hmmm… Excellent. This is really good because it is promotes and organizes the open sharing of safety information assoiated with automated driving. This is extremely important because safety of these systems is a necessary condition for their adoption.

Unfortunately, a few things seem to be missing from the announcement.

  • a budget (Washington may not have any money left after COVID-19),

  • any mention of mobility for people or for goods.  The testing of safety is conducted without doing any useful mobility, but the value of testing is derived from the delivery of that mobility. Safety in that context requires the active engagement the entities that are being transported. It is very important that this initiative include potential customers and neighborhoods whose streets such automation might use, and

  • the whole Northeast including New Jersey seems to have not “signed on”, nor is Ford/Argo, Zooks, Aurore, Voyage Amazon, Apple….   Alain

  Society of Actuaries Research Brief Impact of COVID-19, June 12, 2020 R. Dale Hall, June 12, “…By June 10, 2020, 7.4 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 had been reported worldwide, and the count continues to climb with general agreement that the number is actually higher due to delays in full testing and reporting in many countries. Approximately 188 countries have reported at least one confirmed case and about 416,000 deaths from COVID-19.6 It is important to recognize that the number of reported confirmed cases for any disease typically lags the number of actual confirmed cases. As a result, the number of reported confirmed cases typically continues to rise after the actual number of new confirmed cases declines….” Read more  Hmmm… Excellent!  An enormous amount here. See especially FIg 11 and 17.  These are trully non-uniform distributions. Also Table 1, Figures 21, 22, 24, 25, Table 3, … An enormous amount to digest here. Excellent. Alain

                                                      [Two-way Vehicle Connectivity is a Three-sided Coin That Everyone Wants to Own](https://www.dropbox.com/s/eyomgyelgm4q6fl/Sena_Two-way%20Vehicle%20Connectivity_2-3.pdf?dl=0) M.
                                                      Sena, May 26,
                                                      "Two-way
                                                      vehicle
                                                      connectivity
                                                      has three
                                                      facets. Two of
                                                      them are
                                                      mainly of
                                                      interest to
                                                      vehicle OEMs
                                                      and their
                                                      suppliers.
                                                      They are
                                                      vehicle-centric
                                                      and
                                                      customer-centric. Vehicle-centric connectivity includes functions such emergency
                                                      notification,
                                                      logistics
                                                      tracking and
                                                      over-the-air
                                                      updating.
                                                      Customer
                                                      centric
                                                      connectivity
                                                      includes many
                                                      services that
                                                      are also
                                                      provided by
                                                      mobile apps
                                                      outside of the
                                                      vehicle, such
                                                      as music
                                                      streaming,
                                                      workshop
                                                      service
                                                      booking,
                                                      traffic
                                                      notifications
                                                      and car
                                                      sharing
                                                      applications.
                                                      Two-way
                                                      vehicle
                                                      connectivity
                                                      today is a
                                                      major
                                                      competitive
                                                      factor for the
                                                      OEMs.

The third vehicle connectivity facet is principally of interest to public sector traffic management authorities. It is focused on communicating warnings to vehicles and providing guidance on which roads to use in case of traffic congestion or emergencies. The public authorities view these roadway-centric functions as their domain, and vehicle-to-infrastructure and vehicle-to-vehicle communication as the tools to accomplish the job. They are grouped together under the term V2X. This third facet is not a competitive factor for the OEMs. If it is legislated, V2X will not distinguish one OEM from another since every OEM will have to include it….

                                                      But the debate
                                                      is not really
                                                      about
                                                      technology nor
                                                      is it about
                                                      who delivers
                                                      the best value
                                                      for the money
                                                      or the most
                                                      privacy. It is
                                                      about..."  [R](https://www.dropbox.com/s/eyomgyelgm4q6fl/Sena_Two-way%20Vehicle%20Connectivity_2-3.pdf?dl=0)[ead more](https://www.dropbox.com/s/eyomgyelgm4q6fl/Sena_Two-way%20Vehicle%20Connectivity_2-3.pdf?dl=0)  Hmmmm... The
                                                      provacateur's
                                                      lead at the
                                                      beginning of
                                                      our 3rd
                                                      Shark-Tank
                                                      Zoom-inar ([Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMNLH_fkcI4&feature=youtu.be),
                                                      [Audio](https://soundcloud.com/smartdrivingcar/zoom-tank-06-02-20-everyone-is-for-connectivitybut))
                                                      Alain

                                                      [Luminaries Battle In Lincoln-Douglas Style Debate About The Future Of Self-Driving Cars](https://www.forbes.com/sites/lanceeliot/2020/04/28/luminaries-battle-in-lincoln-douglas-style-debate-about-the-future-of-self-driving-cars/#35c0455028b6) Lance
                                                      Eliot, April
                                                      28, "Several
                                                      self-driving
                                                      car luminaries
                                                      assembled
                                                      online via a
                                                      Zoom-casted
                                                      battleground
                                                      this week to
                                                      undertake a
                                                      Lincoln-Douglas
                                                      style debate
                                                      about the
                                                      future of the
                                                      Autonomous
                                                      Vehicle (AV)
                                                      self-driving
                                                      car industry
                                                      and the advent
                                                      of AI-driven
                                                      mobility.

                                                      Originally
                                                      scheduled for
                                                      one hour, the
                                                      dialogue and
                                                      fielding of
                                                      audience
                                                      questions
                                                      prompted the
                                                      superstars to
                                                      keep going,
                                                      tackling many
                                                      of the most
                                                      vexing and
                                                      unsolved
                                                      matters that
                                                      underlie the
                                                      potential
                                                      success of
                                                      self-driving
                                                      vehicles,
                                                      encompassing
                                                      both
                                                      autonomous
                                                      cars and
                                                      autonomous
                                                      trucks.

                                                      The lively
                                                      discussion was
                                                      civil and
                                                      polite,
                                                      fortunately so
                                                      in these times
                                                      of seemingly
                                                      stark
                                                      polarization
                                                      and guttural
                                                      attacks during
                                                      our
                                                      contemporary
                                                      public
                                                      discourse.
                                                      Yet, even in
                                                      the realm of
                                                      eloquent
                                                      argumentation,
                                                      at times the
                                                      gloves came
                                                      off and there
                                                      were some
                                                      fierce zingers
                                                      and moments of
                                                      rather
                                                      piercing
                                                      cut-the-air-with-a-knife
                                                      verbal
                                                      sparring..."
                                                      [Read more](https://www.forbes.com/sites/lanceeliot/2020/04/28/luminaries-battle-in-lincoln-douglas-style-debate-about-the-future-of-self-driving-cars/#35c0455028b6) Hmmmm...  Lance, Thank you for
                                                      the kind and
                                                      thorough
                                                      synopsis of
                                                      our 1st
                                                      Zoom-inar.  We
                                                      were all
                                                      pleased by the
                                                      turnout,
                                                      interaction
                                                      and substance.
                                                         Alain

                                                      [What Negative Oil Prices Mean and How the Impact Could Last](https://www.nytimes.com/article/negative-oil-prices-facts-history.html) V.
                                                      Bajaj, April
                                                      22,"A main
                                                      benchmark for
                                                      the price of
                                                      oil fell
                                                      negative for
                                                      the first time
                                                      ever this
                                                      week. The
                                                      decline —
                                                      more than 300
                                                      percent in
                                                      daily trading
                                                      — raised fresh
                                                      questions
                                                      about the
                                                      damage the
                                                      coronavirus is
                                                      having on the
                                                      global
                                                      economy.

                                                      What does it
                                                      mean for oil
                                                      prices to be
                                                      negative?

                                                      A benchmark
                                                      price for a
                                                      barrel of oil
                                                      to be
                                                      delivered next
                                                      month fell to
                                                      -$37.63 on
                                                      Monday, which
                                                      means that
                                                      sellers would
                                                      have to pay
                                                      someone that
                                                      much to take
                                                      it off their
                                                      hands.

                                                      But that
                                                      historic
                                                      plunge was
                                                      exacerbated by
                                                      a quirk in how
                                                      the oil
                                                      markets work.

                                                      The negative
                                                      price
                                                      concerned only
                                                      contracts for
                                                      delivery of
                                                      barrels in May
                                                      that are
                                                      traded on
                                                      so-called
                                                      futures
                                                      markets. At
                                                      the same time
                                                      trading
                                                      happens for
                                                      May
                                                      deliveries,
                                                      people trade
                                                      on contracts
                                                      ending in
                                                      June, in July
                                                      and so on." [Read more](https://www.nytimes.com/article/negative-oil-prices-facts-history.html) Hmmmm... What???  I realize that
                                                      I'm often "out
                                                      of it",
                                                      but...  In all
                                                      my life I have
                                                      NEVER...
                                                      thought of,
                                                      let alone
                                                      mentioned, nor
                                                      have heard
                                                      anyone else
                                                      mention the
                                                      concept of negative
                                                      oil!
                                                      Often, talked
                                                      about $150/B
                                                      oil, $250/B,
                                                      S20/B even
                                                      $7/B oil.
                                                      NEVER $0/B
                                                      oil,
                                                      negative
                                                      Oil...
                                                      NEVER,NEVER,
                                                      NEVER!!!!  and
                                                      look where we
                                                      are.  UNBELIEVABLE!!!
                                                            Implications:...
                                                      no one's
                                                      models
                                                      extrapolate to
                                                      that regime.
                                                      (it requires
                                                      extrapolation
                                                      because no
                                                      data exists in
                                                      this
                                                      unimaginable
                                                      region.
                                                      Listen to [Pod-Cast](https://soundcloud.com/smartdrivingcar/smart-driving-cars-episode-153);
                                                      Watch [Zoom-Cast](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8nW3AcoFeA8&feature=youtu.be)
                                                      Alain


                                                      [Starsky Robotics Failed. Does That Mean Automated Trucking Is Dead?](https://www.forbes.com/sites/richardbishop1/2020/03/24/starsky-robotics-failed-does-that-mean-automated-trucking-is-dead/#51d50d840c84) R. Bishop,
                                                      Mar 24, "I met
                                                      Stefan
                                                      Seltz-Axmacher
                                                      for the first
                                                      time in
                                                      November 2015
                                                      at the Florida
                                                      Automated
                                                      Vehicles
                                                      Summit. Not
                                                      long after, we
                                                      met at the
                                                      Blue Danube
                                                      coffee shop in
                                                      Alameda, CA so
                                                      he could tell
                                                      me about his
                                                      vision for
                                                      Starsky
                                                      Robotics. When
                                                      he
                                                      energetically
                                                      described his remote-driving-for-trucks approach, I was skeptical. "Remote driving is
                                                      hard," I said.
                                                      "The military
                                                      has struggled
                                                      with this for
                                                      years. Its
                                                      harder than it
                                                      looks." On the
                                                      technical
                                                      side, latency
                                                      for secure
                                                      communications
                                                      is
                                                      challenging.
                                                      On the
                                                      operational
                                                      side,
                                                      re-creating
                                                      enough on-road
                                                      reality
                                                      (situational
                                                      awareness) for
                                                      a remote
                                                      driver is
                                                      difficult when
                                                      going for the
                                                      high levels of
                                                      safety needed.
                                                      Seltz-Axmacher
                                                      remained
                                                      bullish on the
                                                      approach and
                                                      at that time
                                                      went on to
                                                      found Starsky
                                                      Robotics as
                                                      one of the
                                                      earliest truck
                                                      AV startups,
                                                      later closing
                                                      a $16.5M
                                                      Series A
                                                      funding round
                                                      in March 2018,
                                                      and then
                                                      hauling
                                                      freight while
                                                      developing
                                                      both remote
                                                      and automated
                                                      driving
                                                      ability.
                                                      Initially,
                                                      Starsky's
                                                      concept was
                                                      all about
                                                      remote driving
                                                      for first/last
                                                      mile. They
                                                      later expanded
                                                      their offering
                                                      to include
                                                      fully
                                                      automated
                                                      highway
                                                      driving on
                                                      limited
                                                      freight
                                                      corridors.

                                                      Now, Starsky
                                                      has become the
                                                      first casualty
                                                      within a
                                                      crowded truck
                                                      automation
                                                      space, and
                                                      Seltz-Axmacher
                                                      has provided
                                                      us with an
                                                      intriguing
                                                      post-mortem in
                                                      a recent
                                                      Medium post.
                                                      Most of the
                                                      media coverage
                                                      I've seen has
                                                      acted as echo
                                                      chambers for
                                                      Seltz-Axmacher's
                                                      perspective.
                                                      Here I offer a
                                                      counterpoint
                                                      based on my
                                                      longtime
                                                      involvement in
                                                      truck
                                                      automation
                                                      plus
                                                      discussions
                                                      with many
                                                      others in the
                                                      truck
                                                      Automated
                                                      Driving
                                                      Systems (ADS)
                                                      startup space,
                                                      many of them
                                                      irate at what
                                                      they see as
                                                      unfounded
                                                      assertions
                                                      made in the
                                                      original post.
                                                      My sources
                                                      tell me that
                                                      because
                                                      Seltz-Axmacher
                                                      hasn't
                                                      experienced
                                                      their
                                                      technology nor
                                                      been briefed
                                                      on their
                                                      technical/safety
                                                      approach, he
                                                      has no basis
                                                      to make
                                                      sweeping
                                                      claims about
                                                      the entire
                                                      industry...."
                                                      [Read more](https://www.forbes.com/sites/richardbishop1/2020/03/24/starsky-robotics-failed-does-that-mean-automated-trucking-is-dead/#51d50d840c84) Hmmmm... [Listen to PodCast 148](https://soundcloud.com/smartdrivingcar/smart-driving-cars-episode-148).
                                                      or/and [Watch us on YouTube](https://youtu.be/VkzPm5GwEz4).
                                                      Alain

 Waymo suspends robotaxi service except for its truly driverless vehicles K. Korosec, Mar. 17, “Waymo  said Tuesday it is pausing operations of Waymo One, a service in the Phoenix area that allows the public to hail rides in self-driving vehicles with trained human safety operators behind the wheel, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Waymo is also halting testing on public roads in California.

                                                      However, Waymo
                                                      will keep some
                                                      operations up
                                                      and running,
                                                      notably its
                                                      truly
                                                      driverless
                                                      vehicles,
                                                      which don't
                                                      require a
                                                      human safety
                                                      driver,
                                                      according to
                                                      an
                                                      announcement
                                                      on its website
                                                      Tuesday. These
                                                      driverless
                                                      vehicles are
                                                      used in the
                                                      Phoenix area
                                                      as part of
                                                      Waymo's early
                                                      rider program
                                                      that lets
                                                      vetted members
                                                      of the public
                                                      hail a
                                                      ride..."   [Read more](https://techcrunch.com/2020/03/17/waymo-suspends-robotaxi-service-except-for-its-truly-driverless-vehicles/)  Yippie!!! Unfortunately, the
                                                      latest is not
                                                      so good...   [Waymo has suspended all services, including the driverless.](https://waymo.com/coronavirus)
                                                      Poopie!!!
                                                      Alain

“Urbs,” “Burbs,” and the Immigration Locomotive

J. Hughes, Feb 2020, “Even more so than the nation, the broad fourstate, 35-county metropolitan region centered on New York City (figure 1) is becoming afflicted by a condition of demographic stagnation. While the United States has been experiencing the lowest population growth rates since the Great Depression, the region has only recently (2016–2018) slipped into absolute population decline, spawned by domestic outmigration. The major counterforce forestalling a demographic catastrophe has been positive international migration. Immigration has become the primary source of population growth—the demographic locomotive. Without it, the region would have to bear fully the economic consequences of what has become a virtual domestic population hemorrhage—a vast exodus of regional residents moving to the rest of the country. This is just one dimension of endemic demographic change that has swept the post–Great Recession world….

The second new reset is a turnaround of the pattern evidenced in the 2010–2016 period, when population growth in the “urbs” surpassed that of the “burbs.” After dominating growth early in the decade (2010–2016), the core—the urban heart of the metropolitan region encompassing New York City and three adjacent counties in New Jersey—suddenly slipped into decline post-2016, causing the region as a whole to lose population. This is the latest transformation in what has become a transmillennial demographic roller coaster ride… “   Read more Hmmmm… Most interesting Demographic Dynamic.   A must read. Alain

2020 Hyundai Sonata stars in Super Bowl ad all about ‘Smaht Pahk’

                                                      S. Szymkowski,
                                                      Jan 27,
                                                      "Hyundai is
                                                      going all in
                                                      on Boston
                                                      accents and
                                                      the 2020
                                                      Sonata for its
                                                      Super Bowl
                                                      advertisement.
                                                      As is often
                                                      the trend
                                                      these days,
                                                      the ad made
                                                      its debut on
                                                      Monday less
                                                      than a week
                                                      before the big
                                                      game, but it's
                                                      quite a clever
                                                      spot...."  [Read more](https://www.dropbox.com/s/dk1wlzbg6rkpqkd/Smaht%20Pahk%20_%202020%20Hyundai%20Sonata%20_%20Hyundai-85iRQdjCzj0.mp4?dl=0) Hmmmm...  This is as
                                                      irresponsible
                                                      of Hyundai as
                                                      [StupidSummon](https://www.theverge.com/2019/10/23/20929438/tesla-smart-summon-use-one-million-q3-2019)
                                                      is for Tesla.
                                                      It may even be
                                                      more
                                                      irresponsible
                                                      because
                                                      Hyundai hasn't
                                                      included the over-the-air-information system that allows them to monitor its use.
                                                      Having the car
                                                      do stuff
                                                      without an
                                                      alert and
                                                      attentive
                                                      driver in the
                                                      driver's seat
                                                      implies
                                                      liability on
                                                      them (their
                                                      system) if
                                                      something bad
                                                      happens.
                                                      Plus,
                                                      squeezing a
                                                      car into a
                                                      parking place
                                                      when the
                                                      people can't
                                                      get into the
                                                      adjacent cars
                                                      is not the
                                                      smartest move
                                                      unless you've
                                                      also made the
                                                      Hyundai [key proof](https://jalopnik.com/keying-somebodys-car-is-just-about-the-worst-thing-you-1821884368).
                                                      There will be
                                                      retaliation.
                                                      Alain

The Disengagement Myth Kyle Vogt, Jan 17, “In a few weeks the California DMV will release disengagements data from Cruise and other companies who test AVs on public roads. This data is really great for giving the public a sense of what’s happening on the roads. Unfortunately, it has also been used by the media and others to compare technology from different AV companies or as a proxy for commercial readiness. Since it’s the only publicly available metric, I don’t really blame them for using it. But it’s woefully inadequate for most uses beyond those of the DMV. The idea that disengagements give a meaningful signal about whether an AV is ready for commercial deployment is a myth. …” Read more Hmmmm…  Amen!   This is a MUST read.  As with everything, details matter.  It is true that figures don’t lie, but but it is easy to game systems such that figures, without the underlying details, do lie.  As Kyle points out, there are important details associated with disengagements. These need to be well understood for disengagements to be a proxy for safety and market readiness. The when, where and associated details of each disengagement is critically important if the objective is safety and market readiness.

What is also most important here is the underlying objective of the companies doing the tests and reporting the data.  As has happened in our secondary education where students are taught what is in and how to take the SATs rather than just learn. The objective is not learning , but getting 800s on the SATs so that they can get into ‘Princeton’. This is perpetuated by the ‘Princetons’ of this world that don’t look into the details of the student’s academic qualities and capabilities. In the academic world, we know these students as ‘box checkers’, gamers of the college admission process.  The gaming is continued by the ‘banks and med schools’ that use simplistic GPA (Grade Point Average, aka ‘disengagements’) cutoffs.  The ‘box checkers’ then take ‘underwater basket weaving’ courses and become grade grubbers. It is lazy and irresponsible to use simplistic measures as proxies to very complex concepts such as intelligence, creativity, compatibility, and all the other details that make a good student, a good employee, a good citizen, a good mobility system.

In our case, testing is assumed to be about safety and market readiness; however, for some, it may be about trying to “make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear” or “putting lipstick on the pig”. It is easy to game the metric ‘Disengagements’ by simply testing in easy places, under easy conditions, instead of really trying to find the corner/edge cases that you don’t know in places and conditions of the Operational Design Domain that you are actually going to serve and make a business out of all of this technology; rather than just trying to get good press, or flipping it to someone else or putting it on an academic self.  The details would readily divulge the real objective of the company doing the testing.

I hope that Kyle, in his next post, will divulge what he, GM’s lawyers and GM’s board are requiring of his system for each of them to sign off and begin to operate an economically viable mobility service to the general public in some ODD. Each will demand that it be safe.  The board will also demand that it be profitable. What details are they requesting that will make each comfortable signing on the bottom line? Alain

###

### Hmmmm… Reflections

A. Kornhauser, Jan 12,    Hmmmm…   Self-driving cars are hot and the OEMs are responding. I’m about to buy a new Subaru Outback and EyeSightis standard.  It is no longer just AutoPilot or expensive options that car salesmen don’t sell. Car companies, as reflected in what is in showrooms and what was promoted at CES, have realized the comfort and convenience of Self-driving technology (cars that have a lot of the Safe-driving car features but also enable you to take your feet off the pedals and hands off the wheel at least for short periods of time. These technologies are really becoming the ‘chrome and fins’ that sell cars to individuals in the 2020s. The momentum is all behind that happening and there is little Washington or Trenton or Princeton Council can do about it. Hopefully part of that momentum will be to make these systems actually work well, especially the Automated Emergency Braking Systems (MUST quit assuming that all stationary objects in the lane ahead can be passed under and consequently each is disregarded. As Tesla is finding out, sometimes those objects are parked firetrucks.) and begin to put hard limits on over-speeding, tailgating and use while driver is impaired. Self-driving cars are unfortunately going to lead to substantial urban sprawl, increased VMT, increased congestion and do nothing to help the energy and pollution challenges of our addiction to the personal automobile. Only ‘Waymo-style Driverless’ (autonomousTaxis, (aTaxis)) tuned to entice ride-sharing can potentially stem the tide of ever more personal car ownership and ever expanding urban sprawl. Alain

A. Kornhauser, Jan. 6,    Hmmmm…   I’m in rehab and hope to go home on Wednesday morning. Thank you to so many of you for all the good wishes and prayers.  They each helped. I’m looking to making a full recovery. Remember, if you don’t feel well, get evaluated by a doctor.  I was totally clueless about what hit me from out of nowhere. Alain

                                                      [Chandler unveils drop-off, pick-up zone for self-driving cars](https://ktar.com/story/2852028/chandler-unveils-drop-off-pick-up-zone-for-self-driving-cars/) G.
                                                      Zetino, Nov.
                                                      25, ""It's
                                                      about to get
                                                      easier for
                                                      self-driving
                                                      cars to drop
                                                      off and pick
                                                      up passengers
                                                      in Chandler.
                                                      The city of
                                                      Chandler, in
                                                      partnership
                                                      with Waymo, on
                                                      Friday
                                                      unveiled the
                                                      nation's first
                                                      drop-off and
                                                      pick-up zone
                                                      for autonomous
                                                      ride-hailing
                                                      cars.

Read more  Hmmmm…   The iconic image:

autonomousTaxi (aTaxi) stop facilitating true ride-sharing to any destination within the autonomous transit system’s Operational Design Domain.  The first of what may well become a half million or so others.  Each strategically located to be less that a 5 minute walk from essentially any of the billion or so person trip ends that are made on any typical day in the USA (outside of Manhattan (whose subway stations provide the comparable accessibility). Twenty million or so aTaxi vehicles could readily provide on-demand, share-ride mobility from these ~0.5M aTaxi stops. Provided would be essentially the same 24/7 on-demand level-of-service as we do for ourselves with our own conventional automobiles; however, this mobility would be affordably achieved using half the energy, creating half the pollution, eliminating essentially all the congestion, doubling conventional transit ridership and making such improved mobility available to those who today can’t or wish not to drive a conventional automobile. This is a MAJOR 1st. Alain

Self-driving car capital? One senator thinks it can be Florida R. Wile, Nov 22, “Sen. Jeff Brandes (R-St. Petersburg) had just finished serving in the Army, and was looking to make a name for himself in Tallahassee as a junior representative. He came across a talk given by the founder of Google’s driverless car project.

                                                      He quickly
                                                      realized the
                                                      potential of
                                                      self-driving
                                                      cars to
                                                      transform many
                                                      aspects of
                                                      daily life.
                                                      Ever since, he
                                                      has made it
                                                      his mission to
                                                      turn Florida
                                                      into what he
                                                      calls "an
                                                      angel
                                                      investor" in
                                                      automation
                                                      policy. "We
                                                      want to have
                                                      policies in
                                                      place for this
                                                      technology to
                                                      flourish,"
                                                      Brandes said
                                                      in an
                                                      interview at
                                                      the 7th Annual
                                                      Florida
                                                      Automated
                                                      Vehicles
                                                      conference in
                                                      Miami, which
                                                      concluded
                                                      Friday.

Brandes has drawn headlines in the tech community for filing legislation allowing virtually any automated vehicle on Florida’s roads; this summer, he helped make Florida one of the first states to make AVs without a human back-up safety driver street legal.

                                                      Among the
                                                      state's
                                                      advantages
                                                      Brandes points
                                                      to that he
                                                      believes makes
                                                      it ideal for
                                                      AV companies:
                                                      no snow, which
                                                      makes lane
                                                      markings more
                                                      visible. That
                                                      also means
                                                      less road
                                                      construction
                                                      in
                                                      general...."
                                                      [Read more](https://www.miamiherald.com/news/business/article237625484.html)  Hmmmm... Congratulations Jeff!!! It was a great AV Summit and congratulations on creating such a Welcoming environment and
                                                      intelligently
                                                      shaping the
                                                      birth of this
                                                      technology.
                                                      What you've
                                                      done is enable
                                                      Florida to
                                                      begin to
                                                      enhance
                                                      mobility and
                                                      the quality of
                                                      life for all
                                                      in Florida
                                                      and especially
                                                      those who can
                                                      most benefit
                                                      from these
                                                      mobility
                                                      machines.  It
                                                      was most
                                                      impressive to
                                                      witness the
                                                      enthusiasm for
                                                      nurturing the
                                                      many aspects of this technology from Florida's
                                                      Governor,
                                                      Miami's Mayor,
                                                      Fl DoT's
                                                      Commissioner,
                                                      the heads of
                                                      the toll road
                                                      authorities,
                                                      planning
                                                      agencies and
                                                      educational
                                                      institutions.
                                                      Most
                                                      impressive was
                                                      Ford's comment
                                                      that their
                                                      autonomousTaxi
                                                      efforts are
                                                      focused on
                                                      developing
                                                      driverless
                                                      technology and
                                                      intend to
                                                      operate it to
                                                      deliver
                                                      Mobility-as-a-Service
                                                      in Florida,
                                                      rather than
                                                      sell the
                                                      technology to
                                                      individual
                                                      consumers.  I
                                                      applaud that
                                                      approach and
                                                      hope that Ford
                                                      will look to
                                                      also bringing
                                                      some of those
                                                      vehicles to
                                                      New Jersey so
                                                      that we can
                                                      begin to reap
                                                      the benefits
                                                      of this
                                                      technology.
                                                      What you've
                                                      accomplished
                                                      in Florida is
                                                      THE "best
                                                      practice" for
                                                      us to emulate
                                                      in New
                                                      Jersey.
                                                      Congratulations.
                                                        Alain

PyTorch at Tesla

An Update on the Outlook for Automated Vehicle Systems

                                                      September 28,
                                                      2019 [Public forum will explore possibility of transit on demand in Princeton](https://planetprinceton.com/2019/09/22/public-forum-will-explore-possibility-of-transit-on-demand-in-princeton/)
                                                    K. Knapp, Sept
                                                    22, "What would
                                                    it take to make
                                                    Princeton an
                                                    accessible
                                                    community for
                                                    all, even those
                                                    who cannot or
                                                    choose not to
                                                    own or drive a
                                                    car? Princeton
                                                    Future will
                                                    explore the
                                                    question at a
                                                    public forum
                                                    from 9 a.m. to
                                                    noon on Sept. 28
                                                    in the community
                                                    room at the
                                                    Princeton Public
                                                    Library.

                                                    Princeton Future
                                                    is a non-profit
                                                    community group
                                                    that studies
                                                    issues related
                                                    to planning,
                                                    development, and
                                                    affordability.
                                                    Speakers will
                                                    discuss the
                                                    capabilities of
                                                    a
                                                    transit-on-demand
                                                    system where
                                                    small,
                                                    driverless
                                                    shuttles could
                                                    be summoned by a
                                                    smart phone app
                                                    to a location
                                                    within walking
                                                    distance of a
                                                    resident's
                                                    home...."  [Read more](https://planetprinceton.com/2019/09/22/public-forum-will-explore-possibility-of-transit-on-demand-in-princeton/)  Hmmmm.... Listen to a summary of
                                                      the event in [Episode 126 of the SmartDrivingCars PodCasts](https://soundcloud.com/smartdrivingcar/smart-driving-cars-episode-126).
                                                      See below for
                                                      other info.
                                                      Alain

                                                      August 17,
                                                      2019

Autonomous Vehicles:  A View from Seniors

Automated vehicles could provide mobility to the ‘mobility disadvantaged’

  Market Framework and Outlook for Automated Vehicle Systems

New Jersey Pending Legislation re: Autonomous Vehicles

Oct 16, Establishes fully autonomous vehicle pilot program A4573 Sponsors:  Zwicker (D16); Benson (D14)

Oct 16, EstablishesNew Jersey Advanced Autonomous Vehicle Task Force AJR164 Sponsors:  Benson (D14); Zwicker (D16); Lampitt (D6)

                                                Oct 16, [Directs MVC to establish driver's license endorsement for autonomous vehicles A4541](https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/2018/Bills/A5000/4541_I1.PDF)
                                                Sponsors:  Zwicker
                                                (D16); Benson (D14);
                                                Lampitt (D6)..."   [Read more](https://orfe.princeton.edu/%7Ealaink/SmartDrivingCars/PDFs/NVIDIA-Self-Driving-Safety-Report-2018.pdf) Hmmmm....
                                                      Things are
                                                      beginning to
                                                      move in New
                                                      Jersey.  Alain

Testimony of Alain Kornhauser, Assembly Science, Innovation and Technology - Monday, October 22, 2018 - 10:00:00 AM

Audio Recording of Assembly Science, Innovation and Technology - Monday, October 22, 2018 - 10:00:00 AM

                                                      June 12,  2018  [CPUC AUTHORIZES PASSENGER CARRIERS TO PROVIDE FREE TEST RIDES IN AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES WITH VALID CPUC AND DMV PERMITS](http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M215/K467/215467801.PDF)

                                                      3,  2018

  Waymo’s fleet of self-driving minivans is about to get 100 times bigger

                                                      May 25,  2018 [PRELIMINARY REPORT: HIGHWAY: HWY18MH010 (Uber/Herzberg Crash)](http://orfe.princeton.edu/%7Ealaink/SmartDrivingCars/PDFs/NTSBuberPreliminaryMay2018.pdf)

May 24, “About 9:58 p.m., on Sunday, March 18, 2018, an Uber Technologies, Inc. test vehicle, based on a modified 2017 Volvo XC90 and operating with a self-driving system in computer control mode, struck a pedestrian on northbound Mill Avenue, in Tempe, Maricopa County, Arizona.

…The vehicle was factory equipped with several advanced driver assistance functions by Volvo Cars, the original manufacturer. The systems included a collision avoidance function with automatic emergency

                                                    braking, known
                                                    as City Safety,
                                                    as well as
                                                    functions for
                                                    detecting driver
                                                    alertness and
                                                    road sign
                                                    information. All
                                                    these Volvo
                                                    functions are
                                                    disabled when
                                                    the test vehicle
                                                    is operated in
                                                    computer
                                                    control..."[Read more](http://orfe.princeton.edu/%7Ealaink/SmartDrivingCars/PDFs/NTSBuberPreliminaryMay2018.pdf)
                                                    Hmmmm....
                                                      Uber must
                                                      believe that
                                                      its systems
                                                      are better at
                                                      avoiding
                                                      Collisions and
                                                      Automated
                                                      Emergency
                                                      Braking than
                                                      Volvo's.
                                                      At least this
                                                      gets Volvo
                                                      "off the
                                                      hook".

“…According to data obtained from the self-driving system, the system first registered radar and LIDAR observations of the pedestrian about 6 seconds before impact, when the vehicle was traveling at 43 mph…” (= 63 feet/second) So the system started “seeing an obstacle when it was 63 x 6 = 378 feet away… more than a football field, including end zones!

“…As the vehicle and pedestrian paths converged, the self-driving system software classified the pedestrian as an unknown object, as a vehicle, and then as a bicycle with varying expectations of future travel path…” (NTSB: Please tell us precisely when it classified this “object’ as a vehicle and be explicit about the expected “future travel paths.”  Forget the path, please just tell us the precise velocity vector that Uber’s system attached to the “object”, then the “vehicle”. Why didn’t the the Uber system instruct the Volvo to begin to slow down (or speed up) to avoid a collision?  If these paths (or velocity vectors) were not accurate, then why weren’t they accurate?  Why was the object classified as a “Vehicle” ??  When did it finally classify the object as a “bicycle”? Why did it change classifications? How often was the classification of this object done.  Please divulge the time and the outcome of each classification of this object.  In the tests that Uber has done, how often has the system mis-classified an object as a “pedestrian”when the object was actually an overpass, or an overhead sign or overhead branches/leaves that the car could safely pass under, or was nothing at all?? (Basically, what are the false alarm characteristics of Uber’s Self-driving sensor/software system as a function of vehicle speed and time-of-day?)

“…At 1.3 seconds before impact, (impact speed was 39mph = 57.2 ft/sec) the self-driving system determined that an emergency braking maneuver was needed to mitigate a collision” (1.3 x 57.2 = 74.4 ft. which is about equal to the braking distance. So it still could have stopped short.

“…According to Uber, emergency braking maneuvers are not enabled while the vehicle is under computer control, to reduce (eradicate??) the potential for erratic vehicle behavior. …” NTSB:  Please describe/define potential  and erratic vehicle behavior   Also please uncover and divulge the design & decision process that Uber went through to decide that this risk (disabling the AEB) was worth the reward of eradicating “ “erratic vehicle behavior”.  This is fundamentally BAD design. If the Uber system’s false alarm rate is so large that the best way to deal with false alarms is to turn off the AEB, then the system should never have been permitted on public roadways.

“…The vehicle operator is relied on to intervene and take action. “ Wow!  If Uber’s system fundamentally relies on a human to intervene, then Uber is nowhere near creating a Driverless vehicle. Without its own Driverless vehicle Uber is past “Peak valuation”.

“…The system is not designed to alert the operator. “ That may be the only good part of Uber’s design.  In a Driverless vehicle, there is no one to warn, so don’t waste your time.  If it is important enough to warn, then it is important enough for the automated system to start initiating things to do something about it. Plus, the Driver may not know what to do anyway. This is pretty much as I stated in PodCast 30 and the 24 edition of May 10,  2018

                                                      March 24,
                                                      2018 [Experts say video of Uber's self-driving car killing a pedestrian suggests its technology may have fail](http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-uber-death-video-20180321-story.html)

                                                      April 17, 2017

Don’t Worry, Driverless Cars Are Learning From Grand Theft Auto

Extracting Cognition out of Images for the Purpose of Autonomous Driving

announce historic commitment of 20 automakers to make automatic emergency braking standard on new vehicles

Adam Jonas’ View on Autonomous Cars Video similar to part of Adam’s Luncheon talk @ 2015 Florida Automated Vehicle Symposium on Dec 1.  Hmmm … Watch Video especially at the 13:12 mark. Compelling; especially after the 60 Minutes segment above!  Also see his TipRanks. Alain

                                                  This list is
                                                  maintained by [Alain Kornhauser](mailto:alaink@princeton.edu) and hosted by
                                                  the [Princeton University](http://lists.princeton.edu)

Leave |Re-enter

  Mailto:alaink@princeton.edu