2021-08-07

2021-08-07

August 6, 2021 blue; text-decoration: blue; text-decoration: none;”>29th edition of the 9th year of SmartDrivingCars eLetter

DECISION AUTHORIZING DEPLOYMENT OF DRIVERED AND DRIVERLESS AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE PASSENGER SERVICE

CPUC, Nov 23, ‘20, “This decision creates two new autonomous vehicle programs that authorize fare collection (deployment programs), one for drivered autonomous vehicles and the other for driverless autonomous vehicles. Among other requirements, applicants to the existing driverless pilot program and the new driverless deployment program must submit Passenger Safety Plans that outline their plans to protect passenger safety for driverless operations.

                                                      In addition,
                                                      the decision
                                                      establishes
                                                      four goals
                                                      that apply to
                                                      both the
                                                      existing pilot
                                                      programs and
                                                      the new
                                                      deployment
                                                      programs; 1.)
                                                      Protect
                                                      passenger
                                                      safety; 2.)
                                                      Expand the
                                                      benefits of AV
                                                      technologies
                                                      to all of
                                                      Californians,
                                                      including
                                                      people with
                                                      disabilities;
                                                      3.) Improve
                                                      transportation
                                                      options for
                                                      all,
                                                      particularly
                                                      for
                                                      disadvantaged
                                                      communities
                                                      and low-income
                                                      communities;
                                                      and 4.) Reduce
                                                      greenhouse gas
                                                      emissions,
                                                      criteria air
                                                      pollutants,
                                                      and toxic air
                                                      contaminants,
                                                      particularly
                                                      in
                                                      disadvantaged
                                                      communities.
                                                      The Commission
                                                      will collect
                                                      data to
                                                      monitor permit
                                                      holders'
                                                      progress
                                                      toward each of
                                                      the goals...."
                                                      [Read more](https://www.dropbox.com/s/y196mdva1pn25ki/Global-LCA-passenger-cars-jul2021_0.pdf?dl=0) Hmmmm...
                                                      Sorry for not
                                                      reporting this
                                                      sooner, and
                                                      thank you Doug
                                                      Coventry for
                                                      bringing it to
                                                      my attention.
                                                      It is must
                                                       reading
                                                      for any
                                                      jurisdiction
                                                      making
                                                      regulations
                                                      regarding the
                                                      provision of
                                                      autonomousTaxi
                                                      mobility.

Its four goals are laudable, especially the 3rd, even if it may end up violating part of the 4th. Moreover, the clauses of the 3rd should be re-ordered to be: … Improve transportation options for disadvantaged communities, low income communities and those with disabilities, and, if possible, for all… This also reduces the goals to 3 important ones, … safety, the environment and improved mobility for those that have been left behind by the personal automobile

Of course, one wants to improve mobility for those that drive their own personal car; however, that is a entrenched well-served set of customers that are not readily going to flip from driving their car to something that isn’t really better and may largely be perceived as no cigar. Certainly, the public sector should in no way use public resources to give car drivers yet another good but inferior choice as was done with many public transportation investments that actually provide inferior mobility to those that were to be attract as customers. These systems are rebuffed by many that they were intended to be taken off the road for the trips they already make, let alone deliver quality-of-life benefits by providing mobility to new places that they couldn’t previously access.

A properly designed Operational Design Domain focused on from and where low income communities want to go is, to my mind, where the best opportunity exits for these safe, environmentally responsible systems .  In such ODDs these driverless aTaxis can actually improve quality-of-life; and thus, deserve accommodation and promotion by public agencies such as CPUC. Alain

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 227Zoom-Cast Episode 227

                                                      w/[Ray Stern](https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/author/ray-stern), news
                                                      editor,
                                                      Phoenix New
                                                      Times

F. Fishkin, Aug 1, “https://youtu.be/Prun7fwOzYM In Arizona…the trial of a former Uber autonomous vehicle attendant om the death of Elaine Herzberg is still pending.  Her attorneys say it is the company that should be responsible. From the Phoenix New Times, news editor Ray Sternjoins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin for a spirited discussion of the issues surrounding the case and more.  Or you can listen to Episode 227 of Smart Driving Cars… https://soundcloud.com/smartdrivingcar/smart-driving-cars-episode-227-autonomy-responsibility-and-arizona“ Alexa, play the Smart Driving Cars podcast!”. Ditto with Siri, and GooglePlay … Alain

                                                      The
                                                      SmartDrivingCars
                                                      eLetter,
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                                                      Zoom-inars are
                                                      made possible
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                                                      Transportation
                                                      and Technology
                                                      ETF, symbol
                                                      MOTO.   For
                                                      more
                                                      information: [www.motoetf.com](https://www.smartetfs.com/).  Most funding is
                                                      supplied by
                                                      Princeton
                                                      University's
                                                      Department of
                                                      Operations
                                                      Research &
                                                      Financial
                                                      Engineering
                                                      and Princeton
                                                      Autonomous
                                                      Vehicle
                                                      Engineering
                                                      (PAVE)
                                                      research
                                                      laboratory as
                                                      part of its
                                                      research
                                                      dissemination
                                                      initiative

California Is Coming For Your Car

Diana Furchtgott-Roth, Aug, 3. “Driving through upstate New York, every other vehicle appears to be a pickup truck such as a Ford F-150 or Chevy Silverado. But on August 11 the California Air Resources Board (CARB) will hold a public meeting to present draft regulations on requirements for Californians to purchase low- and zero-emission vehicles. CARB is charged with implementing California Governor Gavin Newsom’s 2020 Executive Order banning sales of new gasoline-powered passenger cars and trucks in the Golden State from 2035.

                                                      If California
                                                      rules just
                                                      applied to
                                                      Californians,
                                                      drivers in New
                                                      York State and
                                                      elsewhere
                                                      would not have
                                                      to worry. But
                                                      rules that
                                                      start in the
                                                      Golden State
                                                      drift east,
                                                      like smoke
                                                      from the
                                                      wildfires. The
                                                      Clean Air Act
                                                      permits
                                                      California to
                                                      pass its own
                                                      standards for
                                                      new cars,
                                                      subject to
                                                      Environmental
                                                      Protection
                                                      Administration
                                                      approval. Auto
                                                      manufacturers
                                                      like to
                                                      produce for
                                                      one market, so
                                                      California has disproportionate clout...."[Read more](https://www.forbes.com/sites/dianafurchtgott-roth/2021/08/03/california-is-coming-for-your-car/?sh=a0a44167c098)Hmmmm...
                                                      Seems as if
                                                      regulating the
                                                      How (EV,
                                                      ICE, Steam,
                                                      Horse, ...)
                                                      instead of the
                                                      What
                                                      (pollution
                                                      produced) is
                                                      not good
                                                      public
                                                      policy.  All
                                                      one needs is
                                                      to look at the
                                                      latest [California's Lawrence Livermore (LL) Energy Flow Map](https://flowcharts.llnl.gov/content/assets/images/charts/Energy/Energy_2018_United-States_CA.png) to
                                                      seriously
                                                      doubt that
                                                      banning ICEs
                                                      in favor of
                                                      EVs is going
                                                      to deliver
                                                      environmental
                                                      benefits that
                                                      are in line
                                                      with the
                                                      likely
                                                      societal angst
                                                      associated
                                                      with the cure.

It remains questionable that any environmental benefits accrue from switching from an EV from an ICE.  The LL Energy Map shows that 40% of California’s electricity is now generated from natural gas.  I’m assuming that California operates its electrical systems so as to minimize environmental impact so that it is burning natural gas only because the other, less polluting, sources are maxed out. Thus, each new user of electricity in California, such as each conversion of an ICE to EV will be powered by natural gas. Moreover, two-thirds of the the generated electricity is lost (“rejected energy”) even before it gets to the car’s electric charger. So, one has to do some careful computations in the various scenarios to determine if powering personal cars with natural gas today in California is even infinitesimal better than with gasoline. (The answer is more obvious in states like Texas where almost 30%of electricity today is generated by coal.  Not even close!)

For 2035 one needs to have a clear vision of how electric generation will evolve, how transmission losses can be reduced and how improvements in the ICE may emerge before one institutionalizes executive orders aimed at the How. Alain

Potential Crash Rate Benchmarks for Automated Vehicles

N. Doodall, Aug ‘21, “Most automobile manufacturers and several technology companies are testing automated vehicles on public roads. While automation of the driving task is expected to reduce crashes, there is no consensus regarding how safe an automated vehicle must be before it can be deployed. An automated vehicle should be at least as safe as the average driver, but national crash rates include drunk and distracted driving, meaning that an automated vehicle that crashes at the average rate is somewhere between drunk and sober. In this paper, automated vehicle safety benchmarks are explored from three perspectives. First, crash rates from naturalistic driving studies are used to determine the crash risk of the model (i.e., sober, rested, attentive, cautious) driver. Second, stated preference surveys in the literature are reviewed to estimate the public’s acceptable automated vehicle risk. Third, crash, injury, and fatality rates from other transportation modes are compared as baseline safety levels. A range of potential safety targets is presented as a guide for policymakers, regulators, and automated vehicle developers to assist in evaluating the safety of automated driving technologies for public use.  …“  Read moreHmmmm…  This is a really good paper.  It addresses the safety metric and in Table 2 summarizes the various safety measures across various modes, including elevators.  As pointed out to me by Glenn Mercer, elevators don’t score very well as compared to many other modes; yet, few seem to hesitate using operatorless elevators.

My only issue is that the paper seems to focus on safety as being the only criteria in making decisions about AVs. Sure, safety is important, but there are other attributes of autonomousTaxis that are not irrelevant.

Buses may well be safe, but they offer lousy mobility and incur a high cost per passenger mile to deliver that lousy service.

Cars are pretty safe and offer fantastic mobility, but require substantial expertise that needs to be free for cars to be affordable.

Elevators aren’t all that safe but provide great up&down mobility without incurring a labor cost. Moreover, their capital costs are gladly covered by the locations that benefit (owe their very existence) from the mobility being delivered.

Anyway… very good paper.  Alain

TDOT, Vanderbilt studying self-driving cars on I-24

K. Horan, Aug 3, “A six-mile portion of I-24 will soon be the test site for a first-of-its-kind study on how autonomous cars impact traffic.  Atop 110 foot tall poles, 300 ultra high definition cameras will view the section of road between Bell and Waldren roads.  The goal is to collect data about how autonomous vehicles move in traffic and improve the flow of vehicles for everyone.

                                                      "Human drivers
                                                      are actually
                                                      less
                                                      consistent
                                                      than
                                                      autonomous
                                                      vehicles are
                                                      today," said
                                                      Dan Work,
                                                      engineer and
                                                      researcher for
                                                      Vanderbilt
                                                      University.
                                                      "So, we can
                                                      actually pick
                                                      up the nuances
                                                      of the way
                                                      that you or I
                                                      drive that are
                                                      distinct from
                                                      the way
                                                      automated
                                                      vehicles
                                                      drive..."[Read more](https://www.newschannel5.com/news/tdot-vanderbilt-studying-self-driving-cars-on-i-24)  Hmmmm...  A really good idea;
                                                      however,
                                                      unless some
                                                      Teslas tend to
                                                      drive this
                                                      road segment,
                                                      it will be a
                                                      while before
                                                      there may be
                                                      enough
                                                      "Self-driving"
                                                      cars out there
                                                      to measure
                                                      anything but
                                                      rare
                                                      occurrences
                                                      and a very
                                                      long time
                                                      before there
                                                      are Driverless
                                                      cars or trucks
                                                      there.

What could be done with this system is to test the implications of cruise control, both the “unintelligent” (throttle only control) and the intelligent varieties. Vanderbilt could capture images of the existing flows and then ask TDoT to install a VMS to encourage drivers to use cruise control in their travels ahead.  It would be very interesting to determine if the encouragement to use cruise control had any effect. This seems like an easy thing to do; however, I’m not aware that any state DoT has ever encouraged the use of cruise control in any manner. please let me know if I’m wrong on this.  Plus, to make sense out of the results Vanderbilt will need to determine the extent of cruise control use in the before and the after recordings. They will also need to differentiate between non-intelligent and intelligent cruise control users.  All no trivial details. Should be interesting. Alain

DOT moves to regulate self-driving car tests on NYC streets

D. Meyers, Aug. 3, “The de Blasio Administration wants to force companies that road-test self-driving cars on the streets in spots around the five boroughs to apply for permits, according to recently proposed changes to city rules….” Read more  Hmmmm…  First thing to do is to ban them in Manhattan. Talk about the last Operational Design Domain that these vehicles should operate in.  Also, the only reason anyone would do such a thing is for the buzz and not the substance. Since this is all about the buzz and not the substance, each of these companies need to be charged a very large fee for the use of the city’s streets for its promotional activities. The city’s streets are for mobility and not click bait.  Alain

Elon Musk speaks out about Tesla’s $1.5 million payment to settle a battery-charging lawsuit, saying ‘if we are wrong, we are wrong. In this case, we were.’

K. Shalvey, July 31, ““If we are wrong, we are wrong,” he said on Twitter on Friday. “In this case, we were.”

                                                      Tesla agreed
                                                      to pay $1.5
                                                      million to
                                                      settle claims
                                                      it had reduced
                                                      the charging
                                                      capacity on
                                                      some vehicles
                                                      in 2019,
                                                      according to a
                                                      settlement
                                                      agreement
                                                      filed in US
                                                      District Court
                                                      in San
                                                      Francisco on
                                                      Wednesday.

                                                      "Tesla policy
                                                      is never to
                                                      give in to
                                                      false claims,
                                                      even if we
                                                      would lose,
                                                      and never to
                                                      fight true
                                                      claims, even
                                                      if we would
                                                      win," he
                                                      said...." [Read more](https://news.yahoo.com/elon-musk-speaks-teslas-1-092747944.html)  Hmmmm... Very nice.  Now he
                                                      needs to
                                                      change the
                                                      name of his
                                                      driver Comfort
                                                      & Control
                                                      systems and to
                                                      insist that
                                                      his owners
                                                      remain alert,
                                                      diligent and
                                                      not mis-behave
                                                      while these
                                                      products are
                                                      engaged. Alain

Was the Backup Driver in an Uber Autonomous Car Crash Wrongfully Charged?

   R. Stern, July 9, “No doubt, Rafaela Vasquez should have seen pedestrian Elaine Herzberg sooner on March 18, 2018, and taken action before the autonomous Uber vehicle she was riding in hit and killed her.

                                                      Widely seen
                                                      interior video
                                                      from a camera
                                                      inside the
                                                      Volvo SUV
                                                      shows that
                                                      Vasquez was
                                                      not looking at
                                                      the road in
                                                      the seconds
                                                      before the
                                                      impact.

                                                      But there's
                                                      far more to
                                                      the story than
                                                      that, and
                                                      Vasquez's
                                                      defense team
                                                      says the grand
                                                      jury didn't
                                                      get to hear
                                                      information
                                                      critical to
                                                      the case
                                                      before
                                                      deciding to
                                                      indict her
                                                      last September
                                                      on a charge of
                                                      negligent
                                                      homicide.
                                                      Yavapai County
                                                      Attorney
                                                      Sheila Polk
                                                      decided that
                                                      Uber was not
                                                      criminally
                                                      liable in the
                                                      crash in March
                                                      2019.

                                                      Her private
                                                      lawyers,
                                                      Albert
                                                      Morrison and
                                                      Marci Kratter,
                                                      filed an
                                                      extensive
                                                      motion in
                                                      Maricopa
                                                      County
                                                      Superior Court
                                                      on Tuesday
                                                      demanding that
                                                      the case be
                                                      remanded back
                                                      to the grand
                                                      jury for a new
                                                      determination
                                                      of probable
                                                      cause...." [Read more](https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/news/uber-self-driving-crash-arizona-vasquez-wrongfully-charged-motion-11583771)  Hmmmm...In short my ethics
                                                      say... Yes!
                                                      See also [Vasquez Remand Motion, July 9](https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/media/pdf/vasquez_remand_motion.pdf).

The algorithm “saw” Elaine 6 seconds before it hit her. The algorithm wasn’t written to side on caution … slowing down to take more time to resolve its confusion. The algorithm was written in such a way that it simply continued on “full steam ahead”.  The algorithm had disabled the Automated Emergency Braking (AEB) system.  The AEB was supposed to be explicitly deactivated only at speeds under 40 mph, yet the algorithm had the car traveling at 41 mph. Finally, the AEB itself may have been miscoded to explicitly disregard objects in the lane ahead for which the component of their speed in the direction of the lane centerline is sensed to be zero. Please don’t write code that does that!.  Much of this miscoding by those that devise, chart and write these algorithms is out of a tendency to prefer comfort over safety/caution.

The act of driving down a road naturally involves the encounter with numerous objects for which “their speed in the direction of the lane centerline” is in fact zero. These are all of the stationary objects one encounters when traveling. Buildings along the side of the road, parked cars, telephone poles, picket fences, pedestrians waiting patiently for the light to change, etc. Unfortunately, the sensors that sense these objects, including LiDAR, are not perfect (nothing is), and will, while rarely, misplace these objects as being in the lane ahead. Moreover, there are stationary object that are indeed correctly sensed to be in the lane ahead, but these can readily be passed under… overhead signs, tree canopies and overpasses. Consequently, none of these stationary objects pose any danger. They can readily be passed under if they are really in the lane ahead and can be readily bypassed, if they are mis-located common stationary objects that line the road ahead… Unless it really is an object whose ”speed in the direction of the lane centerline” is zero and it is really located in the lane ahead, as it was with Elaine Herzberg….  and with the rash of Tesla crashes with trucks sprawled across the lane ahead, firetrucks and police cruisers parked in the lane ahead, NJ barriers located in the center of an inappropriately striped exit lane, and trees in the lawn ahead.

Luckily, stationary objects in travel lanes are extremely rare, but, unfortunately, sensors and algorithms much more often mis-position objects in the lane ahead that are actually beside the lane, not in the lane.  To avoid the “discomfort” of slowing down to be sure, these algorithms have been written to disregard, rather than be careful.

I my view, it is those that have written and implemented these algorithms that are the true folks that are “responsible” for this tragic crash. They didn’t have to write the algorithms that way. They could have written them to be better and more rarely mis-position stationary object. Moreover, they knew they had a problem here, because the code over-simplistically and irresponsibly dismisses its shortcoming. It is the way this code was written that caused this crash.  The code required Rafaela to save it from this disaster.  I doubt that Raphaela was informed about this fundamental shortcoming in the code.

Consequently, my ethics side that she is wrongfully charged. Whether or not the algorithm designers and coders need to be charged, is another question. They certainly should be aware that they are complicit here.  So should the Society of Automotive Engineers who preaches “cause no harm’ and thus suggest that one never brake when one shouldn’t be braking.  The person who is tailgating you may rear-end you. In a perfect world, then maybe. But, all of us, except for maybe SAEers, get confused, miss identify, mis locate and hopefully we all do hit the brakes at least a little to give us some time to get things straight. This philosophy should also apply to these automated gizmos.  Alain

C’mon Man!(These folks didn’t get/read the memo)

Sunday Supplement

Half-Baked

Click-Bait

More On….

Re-see:    Pop Up Metro USA Intro 09 2020

H. Poser’77, Sept 13, 2020. “Creating Value for Light Density Urban Rail Lines”  . See slides,  See video Hmmmm… Simply Brilliant.  Alain

   4thAnnual PrincetonSmartDrivingCar Summit  It is over!!! Now time to actually do something in the Trentons of this world.

Making Driverless Happen: The Road Forward (Updated)

                                                      K. Pyle, April
                                                      18, "It's time
                                                      to hit the
                                                      start
                                                      button," is [Fred Fishkin's](https://www.techstination.com/) succinct way of
                                                      summarizing
                                                      the next steps
                                                      in the Smart
                                                      Driving Car
                                                      journey.
                                                      Fiskin, along
                                                      with the LA
                                                      Times' [Russ Mitchell](https://twitter.com/russ1mitchell?lang=en) co-produced
                                                      the final
                                                      session of
                                                      the [2021 Smart Driving Car Summit, Making It Happen: Part 2](https://orfe.princeton.edu/conferences/sdc/session/20210415).
                                                      This 16th and
                                                      final session
                                                      in this
                                                      multi-month
                                                      online
                                                      conference not
                                                      only provided
                                                      a s[ummary of the thought-provoking speakers](https://viodi.com/2021/04/18/making-driverless-happen-the-road-forward/),
                                                      but also
                                                      provided food
                                                      for thought on
                                                      a way forward
                                                      to bring
                                                      mobility to
                                                      "the Trentons
                                                      of the World."

                                                      Setting the
                                                      stage for this
                                                      final session,
                                                      Michael Sena
                                                      provided
                                                      highlights of
                                                      the Smart
                                                      Driving Car
                                                      journey that
                                                      started in
                                                      late December
                                                      2020.  Safety,
                                                      high-quality,
                                                      and affordable
                                                      mobility,
                                                      particularly
                                                      for those who
                                                      do not have
                                                      many options,
                                                      was a common
                                                      theme to the
                                                      2021 Smart
                                                      Driving Car
                                                      Summit. As
                                                      Princeton
                                                      Professor
                                                      Kornhauser,
                                                      the conference
                                                      organizer put
                                                      it,....." [Read more](https://viodi.com/2021/04/18/making-driverless-happen-the-road-forward/)  Hmmmm.... We had another
                                                      excellent
                                                      Session.
                                                      Thank you for
                                                      the summary,
                                                      Ken!  Alain

Ken Pyle’s Session Summaries of 4th Princeton SmartDrivingCar Summit:

15th Session    Making it Happen - Part One: Elected Officials’ Role in Creating a Welcoming Environment in the Trentons of this World

14th Session    What Will Power Safely-driven Cars

13th Session    Improving the Moving of Goods

12th Session    3/18/21 Human-centered Design of Safe and Affordable Driverless Mobility

11th Session    3/11/21 Incentivizing Through Regulation

10th Session    3/04/21 Incentivizing Through Insurance

9th Session    2/25/21  Can Level 3 be Delivered?

8th Session    2/18/21  Who Will Build, Sell and Maintain Driverless Cars?

    Michael Sena’s SlidesGlenn Mercer Slides

7th Session    2/11/21  Finally Doing It

6th Session    2/ 4/21   Safe Enough in the Operational Design Domain

5th Session    1/28/21   At the Tipping Point

4th Session 1/21/21  Why Customers are Buying Them

3rd Session    1/14/21 The SmartDrivingCars We Can Buy Today

2nd Session1/ 7/21  A Look into the Future1st Session:12/17/20Setting the Stage

Kornhauser & He, April 2021“Making it Happen:  A Proposal for Providing Affordable, High-quality, On-demand Mobility for All in the “Trentons” of this World”

Orf467F20_FinalReport “Analyzing Ride-Share Potential and Empty Repositioning Requirements of a Nationwide aTaxi System” Kornhauser & He, March 2021 “AV 101 + Trenton Affordable HQ Mobility Initiative”

###

Calendar of Upcoming

                                                      Events

5th Annual Princeton  SmartDrivingCar Summit

Fall 2021 Live in Person Tentaively: November 2 (evening) -> 4, 2021

On the More Technical Side http://orfe.princeton.edu/~alaink/SmartDrivingCars/Papers/

K. Lockean’s AV Research Group at U of Texas

and     The SYMPOSIUM ON THE FUTURE NETWORKED CAR 2021 VIRTUAL EVENT

 R. Shields, 22 - 25 March, “Recordings from the conference: Session 1 plus opening: (Regulatory): https://youtu.be/UcDC8gXiUFk

                                                      Session 2: ([Cybersecurity](https://youtu.be/ppp2hxlvebY)): [https://youtu.be/ppp2hxlvebY](https://youtu.be/ppp2hxlvebY)

                                                      Session 3: [(Automated Driving Systems](https://youtu.be/uL2dRHuX2Cc)): [https://youtu.be/uL2dRHuX2Cc](https://youtu.be/uL2dRHuX2Cc)

                                                      Session 4: [(Communications for ADS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFQcL6yfBso)) : [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFQcL6yfBso](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFQcL6yfBso) [Read more](https://www.itu.int/en/fnc/2021/Pages/default.aspx)  Hmmmm...
                                                      Russ, thank
                                                      you for
                                                      sharing!
                                                      Alain

###

These editions re sponsored by the SmartETFs Smart Transportation and Technology ETF, symbol MOTO. For more information head to www.motoetf.com

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 226Zoom-Cast Episode 226 w/Tim Higgins, author: POWER PLAY: Tesla, Elon Musk and the Bet of the Century

F. Fishkin, July 22, “The Wall Street Journal’s Tim Higgins has a new book arriving August 3rd titled POWER PLAY: Tesla, Elon Musk and the Bet of the Century.   You can bet it’s a lively discussion with Tim on the latest Smart Driving Cars with Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser & co-host Fred Fishkin.    Or listen..  https://soundcloud.com/smartdrivingcar/smart-driving-cars-226-with-tim-higgins-author-of-power-play. “

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 225Zoom-Cast Episode 225 w/Kevin Biesty, Deputy Director for Policy @ Arizona DoT

F. Fishkin, July 22, “Chandler, Arizona is the one place where paying customers can take advantage of driverless robo-taxis (from Waymo) to get where they are going.   How did that happen?  What does the future hold? Kevin Biesty, Arizona’s Deputy Director for Policy at the Department of Transportation,  joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser & co-host Fred Fishkin for an in depth discussion. Plus.. Ford, Argo, Lyft, Tesla, Mercedes & more. “

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 224Zoom-Cast Episode 224  w/Selika Josiah Talbot, Principal, Autonomous Vehicle Consulting

F. Fishkin, July 19, “Does there need to be a White House appointed autonomous and electric vehicle  czar to open up new mobility possibilities for all? That’s the view of Selika Josiah Talbott..a government veteran who now heads Autonomous Vehicle Consulting and lectures at American University. She joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser & co-host Fred Fishkin for a deeper look at how the technology can be deployed to improve lives.

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 223Zoom-Cast Episode 223  w/Richard Mudge, Compass Transp.  & Baruch Feigenbaum, Reason Foundation

F. Fishkin, July 15, “Can Tesla (and others) make automatic emergency braking work? Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser continues his push and is joined by the Reason Foundation’s Baruch Feigenbaum and Compass Transportation & Technology President Dick Mudge along with co-host Fred Fishkin to explore this week’ss Transportation Research Board sessions. “

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 222Zoom-Cast Episode 222

F. Fishkin, July 11, “Is it time for autopilot to not break the law? Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser says yes.  And if technology can save lives, prevent injuries and crashes…shouldn’t it?  Plus Richard Branson, Jeff Bezos, Waymo, VW and more on Episode 222 of Smart Driving Cars with co-host Fred Fishkin. “

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 221Zoom-Cast Episode 221   w/Mark Rosekind, Chief Safety Innovation Officer, Zoox

F. Fishkin, July 1, “With Zoox…the Amazon owned autonomous mobility company out with a comprehensive safety report.. Chief Safety Innovation Officer Dr. Mark Rosekind joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin. What is so different about the Zoox approach to building a vehicle and safety?   What is the company’s vision for future mobility and transportation. Dr. Rosekind fills us in on those issues and more.

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 220Zoom-Cast Episode 220    w/John Thornhill, Innovation Editor, Financial Times

F. Fishkin, July 1, “Sociology not technology will decide the electric car race. That’s a Financial Times headline from a piece written by Innovation Editor John Thornhill…who joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin for a lively discussion on that…plus Tesla…autonomous mobility and more.   John is also the founder of Sifted.eu.

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 219Zoom-Cast Episode 219   w/Michael Sena, Editor, The Dispatcher

F. Fishkin, June 29 , “Why couldn’t a smart driving car prevent Alain’s crash with a deer? How important is exact location for highly automated driving?   And NHTSA wants reports on all automated vehicle system crashes.  The Dispatcher publisher Michael Sena joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin for that and more.

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 218Zoom-Cast Episode 218   w/Xinfeng Le, Waymo Product Manager

F. Fishkin, June 10 , “Have questions about Waymo’s partnership with JB Hunt to test autonomous trucks in Texas?  So do we…and Waymo’s Product Manager, Xinfeng Le joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser & co-host Fred Fishkin to provide answers. Plus.. Waymo raises 2 and a half billion dollars, MacKenzie Scott gives away billions, start-up Waabi comes out of stealth, Argo AI plans an IPO and more. “

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 217Zoom-Cast Episode 217 w/Christorpher Mims, Columnist, Wall Street Journal

F. Fishkin, June 7 , “Are self-driving cars still decades ahead?  Wall Street Jopurnal columnist and author Christopher Mims joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser & co-host Fred Fishkin for a look at the progress and roadblocks. Plus the latest on Tesla, Cruise, the dramatic rise in road deaths during Covid and more. “

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 216Zoom-Cast Episode 216   w/Michael Sena, editor The Dispatcher

F. Fishkin, May 28 , “The Future of Mobility is Slowly Coming Into Focus. That’s on top in the June edition of The Dispatcher. From Sweden, publisher Michael Sena joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin for that plus better batteries, May Mobility, Tesla and more.

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 215Zoom-Cast Episode 215   w/Cade Metz, Correspondent, NY Times & Ken Pyle, editor, Viodi.com

F. Fishkin, May 27 , “The Costly Pursuit of Self Driving Cars Continues On and On and On.  That’s the headline of a NY Times story this week.  The reporter, Cade Metz, also the author of a new book on artificial intelligence, joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser, co-host Fred Fishkin and guest Ken Pyle of Viodi View..”

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 214Zoom-Cast Episode 214

F. Fishkin, May 23 , “An interview with the chief engineer behind Ford’s F150 Lightning EV truck…Waymo shares rider stories and the AFL-CIO tells Congress autonomous vehicles should be required to have human operators. Join Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin for those stories and more.”

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 213Zoom-Cast Episode 213  w/Robbie Diamond; Founder, Securing America’s Future Energy

F. Fishkin, May 14 , “The autonomous mobility competition with China. What will it take to succeed? Securing America’s Future Energy founder Robbie Diamond dives in with Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser & co-host Fred Fishkin. Plus the latest on #AutoX, #Tesla,  #GM, #TuSimple and more. Remember to subscribe! And check out this SAFE panel discussion too.  “..

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 212Zoom-Cast Episode 212 w/Ken Pyle

F. Fishkin, May 8 , “Where does Waymo go from here?   Is GM really going to market personal autonomous vehicles? Viodi View managing editor Ken Pyle joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser & co-host Fred Fishkin for a look at those issues plus Volkswagen, Tesla, Argo and more.

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 211Zoom-Cast Episode 211  w/ Michael Sena, Editor of The Dispatcher

F. Fishkin, May 1 , “There’s plenty of combustion around the issue of banning internal combustion engines (ICE). Consultant and The Dispatcher publisher Michael Sena joins us for a look at what makes sense…and what doesn’t. Plus #Tesla,#Toyota#Volkswagen#Baidu and progress in Florida. …”

 SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 210Zoom-Cast Episode 210  w/Ken Pyle & Louis Aaron’23

F. Fishkin, April 26 , “Passengers at the Las Vegas Convention Center are about to get their first taste of the new underground mobility service from #Elon​ Musk’s The Boring Company. Princeton student Louis Aaron has been working there and he joins Viodi View Managing Editor Ken Pyle, Princeton’s Alain ..”

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 209Zoom-Cast Episode 209  w/Clifford Winston, Brookings Inst.

F. Fishkin, April , “The Texas #Tesla crash that killed two continues to make headlines. The impact on the electric and automated vehicle industries? From the Brookings Institution, senior fellow Clifford Winston joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin for a look at what the real focus should be on..”

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 208Zoom-Cast Episode 208  w/Prof. Stephen Still, U. of Buffalo

F. Fishkin, April 18, “What does it take to bring about mobility for all in the real world? With help from the federal DOT and a team at the University of Buffalo…some big steps are being taken there. Professor Stephen Still joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin for that…plus, Tesla, Uber, Cruise and more on Smart Driving Cars.”

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 207Zoom-Cast Episode 207  w/Selika Josiah Talbott

F. Fishkin, April 10 , “When a driverless vehicle crashes…what should passengers, other vehicle owners, law enforcement and first responders do? American University Professor Selika Josiah Talbott says the time for planning is now. She joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin for that plus Tesla, Apple and more in the latest Smart Driving Cars.”

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 206Zoom-Cast Episode 206 w/Stan Young, National Renewable Energy Laboratory

F. Fishkin, April 2, “When it comes to future mobility, what will fuel the vehicles? How can the shortcomings of electric vehicles be overcome? Stanley Young, Mobility Systems team lead for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser & co-host Fred Fishkin…”

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 205Zoom-Cast Episode 205 w/Michael Sena; Editor The Dispatcher. President, MLSena Consulting

F. Fishkin, March 26, “Every driverless car should take the same tests that we take..and have the same responsibilities. So says Michael L. Sena in the latest edition of The Dispatcher. He joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin for that plus the latest from Tesla and more…on Episode 205 of Smart Driving Cars…”

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 204Zoom-Cast Episode 204  w/Andrew Rose, President, OnStar Insurance Services

F. Fishkin, March 15, “.With GM aiming to upend the car insurance industry, the President of the automaker’s new OnStar Insurance Services, Andrew Rose joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin. What advantages will OnStar insurance bring to the table…and a look at the future of auto insurance..”

SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 203Zoom-Cast Episode 203 AV 101: A. Kornhauser F. Fishkin, March 13, “.GM’s move to transform auto insurance through OnStar Insurance: Is it a win, win for all?      Is adaptive cruise control prompting some drivers to speed?     And what does Tesla really mean by “full self driving”? Just some of the questions tackled  in the latest edition of Smart Driving Cars with Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser & co-host Fred Fishkin.” SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 202Zoom-Cast Episode 202 President & CEO, RoadDB

F. Fishkin, March 3, “When will we be able to purchase cars that can largely drive themselves? It may not be long…but don’t expect to vacate the driver’s seat.  That’s the view of entrepreneur, tech pioneer and RoadDB CEO Russ Shields.   He takes an in depth look at where we are and where we’re headed with Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser & co-host Fred Fishkin.” SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 201Zoom-Cast Episode 201 w/Michael Sena, Publisher of The Dispatcher

F. Fishkin, Feb. 26, “Smarter cars need smarter assembly…and location matters.   The Dispatcher publisher Michael Sena joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin for a look at that, politics, climate and carmakers…plus Tesla, Velodyne, Foxconn and more..” SmartDrivingCars Pod-Cast Episode 200Zoom-Cast Episode 200 w/Edwin Olsen, CEO, May Mobility F. Fishkin, Feb. 22, “How May Mobility is building confidence in autonomous transportation and creating a road map for growth through the pandemic and beyond. CEO and co-founder Edwin Olson joins Princeton’s Alain Kornhauser and co-host Fred Fishkin for that and more.”

Link to previous SDC PodCasts & ZoomCasts

Recent Highlights of:

###

                                                      July 30, 2021

  Nikola Founder Trevor Milton Charged With Lying to Investors C. . Ramey, July 29, “Trevor Milton, the founder of Nikola Corp. and onetime executive chairman of the electric-truck startup, was indicted Thursday on securities-fraud charges for what prosecutors said was a scheme to mislead investors about the company’s product and technology development.

                                                      Mr. Milton
                                                      faces two
                                                      counts of
                                                      securities
                                                      fraud and one
                                                      count of wire
                                                      fraud,
                                                      according to
                                                      the
                                                      indictment.
                                                      The U.S.
                                                      attorney's
                                                      office in
                                                      Manhattan,
                                                      which brought
                                                      the charges,
                                                      is set to make
                                                      an
                                                      announcement
                                                      about the
                                                      indictment on
                                                      Thursday
                                                      morning.

                                                      A spokesman
                                                      for Mr. Milton
                                                      didn't
                                                      immediately
                                                      comment. Last
                                                      year, Mr.
                                                      Milton said on
                                                      Twitter that
                                                      he intended to
                                                      defend himself
                                                      against "false allegations".  [He resigned from Nikola in Septembe](https://www.wsj.com/articles/nikola-chairman-steps-down-as-company-faces-probe-11600672351?mod=article_inline)r
                                                      as [concerns mounted about the startup darling](https://www.wsj.com/articles/justice-department-probes-electric-truck-startup-nikola-over-claims-it-misled-investors-11600199462?mod=article_inline)that
                                                      had attracted
                                                      backing from
                                                      some of the
                                                      industry's
                                                      biggest names.

                                                      Nikola wasn't
                                                      charged. The
                                                      company said
                                                      that Mr.
                                                      Milton hasn't
                                                      been involved
                                                      in the
                                                      company's
                                                      operations or
                                                      communications
                                                      since his
                                                      resignation.
                                                      "Nikola has
                                                      cooperated
                                                      with the
                                                      government
                                                      throughout the
                                                      course of its
                                                      inquiry," the
                                                      company's
                                                      statement
                                                      said. "We
                                                      remain
                                                      committed to
                                                      our previously
                                                      announced
                                                      milestones and
                                                      timelines and
                                                      are focused on
                                                      delivering
                                                      Nikola Tre
                                                      battery-electric
                                                      trucks later
                                                      this year from
                                                      the company's
                                                      manufacturing facilities."..."  [Read more](https://www.wsj.com/articles/nikola-founder-trevor-milton-charged-with-lying-to-investors-11627563648)  Hmmmm...  Speaks for itself. Alain

                                                      July 23, 2021

  Upward Urban & Rural Mobility via Autonomous Mobility K. Pyle, July 19, “It is said that a picture is worth a thousand words. The picture Selika Josiah Talbott chose for her virtual backdrop at the recent 2021 TRB Annual Automated Road Transportation Symposium sums up the mobility challenges that urban and rural locales face with existing infrastructure, particularly in low-income areas. Joining Talbott on this panel were experts opining on Talbott’s insightful comments about autonomous mobility and its potential to provide upward mobility….”  Read more  Hmmmm…  Simply a must read. This is the real market for autonomousTaxis (aTaxis). Alain

                                                      July 17, 2021    [2021 TRB Annual Automated Road Transportation Symposium](http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/181880.aspx) July 12
                                                      -> 15,
                                                      "..."  [Read more](http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/181880.aspx)  Hmmmm...I haven't been able to
                                                      find a public
                                                      source for any
                                                      of the content
                                                      from the
                                                      symposium but
                                                      there were at
                                                      least three
                                                      sessions (of
                                                      the few that I
                                                      was able to
                                                      attend) that
                                                      were really
                                                      good.  One
                                                      was [B-101- An inside Look at Policy-Making for Automated Vehicles](https://trb-arts.secure-platform.com/a/solicitations/73/sessiongallery/899),
                                                      moderated by
                                                      Baruch
                                                      Feigenbaum of
                                                      the Reason
                                                      Foundation.
                                                      Pay particular
                                                      attention to
                                                      the insights
                                                      offered by
                                                      Kevin Biesty
                                                      of Arizona
                                                      DoT.  So far,
                                                      no one in the
                                                      world has done
                                                      it better.

A second one was B204-Inclusive by Design: Creating an Equitable and Accessible Automated Future, moderated by Charlotte Frei.

The third was Richard Mudge’s   B402- Shark Tank: Everything from Free Freight to AV for Low-Income Travelers to how many AV Firms will Survive?. (Spoil alert… the answer is   . Selika Talbot’s presentation was absolutely fantastic. See PodCast/ZoomCast below for a discussion of parts of this session. Fred and I hope to do PodCasts/ZoomCasts with Selika and Kevin in the coming week.

Hopefully TRB will broadly distribute the recorded videos of these and the other sessions.  One caution is that even in this community there is substantial confusion introduced over terminology which ends up having people talk by rather than with each other.  This was an “Automated Road Transportation” symposium. One aspect of road transportation is the fundamental role of the human driver. It is very different than that of elevators that go from A to B without any direct human driver/operator intervention. The customer only tells the elevator what floor to go to. Everything else in the up/down mobility process is automated within the elevator’s Operational Design Domain (which is usually in a shaft, stooping only at designated stopping locations (floors) with centimeter accuracy but only when when sufficient power exists to perform the various operations. (Note: “Level 5 elevators” (operate under any power-available condition) will “never” exist.).  It is easy for us to see the phenomenal difference in the societal value that can be achieved in elevators that deliver safe, shared-ride, on-demand 24/7 mobility, indiscriminately to essentially everyone. Unfortunately, precious little of that broad societal value can be achieved unless the elevator’s safe operation can be achieved without a human operator/driver.

This is a bang-bang situation. Either you have it or you don’t.  Coming close doesn’t cut it.

It doesn’t mean that human operated elevators don’t deliver value to individual owners.  My neighbor across the street has a dumbwaiter in her house that she and her husband control manually to move things including themselves up and down in their house. Works great. Real value. They both remain capable of performing the manual operations for themselves and if they charge themselves for the labor, they gain that charge so the transaction nets to zero labor cost. charge themselves . While some benefits (comfort & convenience) might be gained by them by automating some of the operating functions, full automation would be silly unless at least some number of neighbors would improve their quality-of-life if only they could easily go up and down in their house.  That latent demand for improved quality-of-life does exist in tall buildings. It’s been consumed in a large part because elevators became operatorless and not just operator assisted. Shared and not quite door2door shortcomings are endured. 24/7, on-demand, affordable (especially for the rent payer on the “14th” floor. So much so that they just pick up the tab for the elevators that deliver accessibility to/from the “14th floor”) are the fundamental mobility attributes that totally dominate the competition for mobility afforded by the stairwell. Without the elimination of the operator/driver, the 24/7, on-demand, affordable trifecta is not deliverable to anybody.

Way too often during the Symposium automation that explicitly requires the continued presence of a driver and is only at best a comfort & convenience feature  as ascribed benefits that accrue only for systems that achieve safe driverless operation. There is no getting away from it, automation that assist drivers is radically different than automation that replaces drivers. Hopefully next year we can have 2 AV conferences. One that focuses on automation to assist human drivers and one that focuses on technology and deployments that replaces the driver.

As far as connectivity goes, we need to realize that it is a nice2have, not a need2have. Since it can only deliver value among pairs of adopters, it struggles getting started by itself when it needs to find a partner. Unfortunately, road vehicles have performed well for more than 100 years without much connectivity and automation at this point is saying: you aren’t much help and we can’t afford to carry you along.  Alain July 11, 2021

  Tesla Says Autopilot Makes Its Cars Safer. Crash Victims Say It Kills. Neal Boudette, July 5, “ Benjamin Maldonado and his teenage son were driving back from a soccer tournament on a California freeway in August 2019 when a truck in front of them slowed. Mr. Maldonado flicked his turn signal and moved right. Within seconds, his Ford Explorer pickup was hit by a Tesla Model 3 that was traveling about 60 miles per hour on Autopilot.

A six-second video captured by the Tesla and data it recorded show that neither Autopilot, Tesla’s much-vaunted system that can steer, brake and accelerate a car on its own, nor the driver slowed the vehicle until a fraction of a second before the crash…“  Read more  Hmmmm… A few comments here: 1.  Because of the suit here, hopefully more of the data associated with this crash will be made public. Future crashes such as  these seem to be covered by the recent NHTSA standing General Order requiring the data to be released without need of lawyers, assuming Tesla cooperates. 2.  Neal (slightly) overstate his plot which clearly shows the Tesla began to decelerate slightly more than a full second before impact. He also doesn’t mention what the video clearly shows that the Tesla was “cut-off” by the pickup truck.  More over the pickup applied its brakes as it was making the lane change (brake light came on).  This brake application may well have been the critical element that made the crash unavoidable. AutoPilot was likely tacking the pickup from at least the 6 seconds before collision point.  Tesla must have data on the relative longitudinal speed between the pickup and the Tesla.and it must also have an expected time-to-collision which is a critical measure as to when to kick in the Automated Emergency Braking System. Once again, my main concern here is not (yet) about the performance of AutoPilot, but the performance of Tesla’s Automated Emergency Braking System (AEBS).  This is a rear-end crash.  It is the responsibility of the AEBS to avert these crashes. Seems as if the AEBS did NOT properly anticipate the pick-up’s maneuver nor properly monitor time-to-collision. My recommendation here is to improve the AEBS.

3.  Comments implying that radar would have been better at identifying the ‘cut-off’ are questionable. Lane intrusion is only partial until about 3 seconds before impact. Radar does not return lateral relative-speed, only longitudinal relative-speed.  Who knows what lag exists in determining lateral speed and the accuracy of that determination. I doubt that either are very good web based on radar.  My guess is that image processing at better than 20Hz would do best in this clear situation.

4.  Interpretation of the turn signal can only be done with image processing (to my knowledge.)

5.  Nothing is reported about any horn actuation (or if autoPilot even uses the horn). The brake application by the pickup may have been an impulsive response to a horn blow by the Tesla.

6.  There seems to be no indication by the driver of the pick-up that he saw the Tesla coming.

7.  The Tesla data likely also has its closing speed on the panel truck and thus the closing speed of the pick-up to the panel truck.  This information may help us to begin to understand the extent to which the pickup was tailgating the panel truck. 8.  To me, AutoPilot’s main issue is: should it allow “passing on the right” when “passing on the right” is illegal. The reason it is illegal is because it leads to crashes like this one, that is an issue that should be taken up by NHTSA and NTSB.  To what extent should any of these automated driving devices engage in “illegal” driving?  My current view (subject to change) is:     a. Up to 9 mph over is OK.     b.  Rolling through a stop sign is OK, if it is determined that time to any likely collision is greater than 5 seconds (meaning you must be able to “see” at least 5 seconds away at speed limit +9 (or something similar)

    c.   Cross double line as long  as oncoming traffic has slowed to under 25 mph and has room to proceed by squeezing right (or something like that).

    d.   Pass on the right as long as all pertinent vehicles in the two lanes are moving at less than 25 mph (or something like that).

Alain

                                                      June 28, 2021   [How Important is Exact Localization for HAD?](https://www.dropbox.com/s/e8ql7q722zxqb13/The-Dispatcher_July-2021.pdf?dl=0) M.
                                                      Sena,
                                                      July/Aug. '21,
                                                      "[In this issue of The Dispatcher for July and August](http://www.michaellsena.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/The-Dispatcher_July-2021.pdf), I
                                                      have taken up
                                                      a subject in
                                                      the lead
                                                      article that
                                                      has been on my
                                                      list for quite
                                                      some time. It
                                                      is of how cars
                                                      that drive
                                                      themselves
                                                      keep
                                                      themselves on
                                                      the road while
                                                      they make
                                                      their journey
                                                      to their
                                                      destination.
                                                      It turns out
                                                      that there is
                                                      a very good
                                                      reason why
                                                      Teslas crash
                                                      and Waymo is
                                                      running around
                                                      only in
                                                      Chandler,
                                                      Arizona after
                                                      people who
                                                      didn't know
                                                      better
                                                      promised that
                                                      there would be
                                                      completely
                                                      driverless
                                                      cars on all
                                                      roads a decade
                                                      ago:
                                                      localization
                                                      of a moving
                                                      vehicle is
                                                      very, very
                                                      hard, even for
                                                      a human.

                                                      I encourage
                                                      you to read
                                                      Musings this
                                                      month. It's
                                                      about making
                                                      the journey to
                                                      a world
                                                      without
                                                      climate change
                                                      protests, a
                                                      world where
                                                      they either
                                                      won't be
                                                      necessary or
                                                      allowed. On
                                                      most journeys,
                                                      we have to
                                                      cross bridges.
                                                      Sometimes we
                                                      have to make
                                                      them
                                                      ourselves.
                                                      Think of the
                                                      article as the
                                                      first bridge
                                                      to cross
                                                      toward a
                                                      better
                                                      understanding
                                                      of the climate
                                                      change
                                                      journey.

                                                      Dispatch
                                                      Central
                                                      contains, as
                                                      usual,
                                                      something for
                                                      everyone.
                                                      Insurance is
                                                      addressed in
                                                      the two main
                                                      articles. In
                                                      Bits and
                                                      Pieces I have
                                                      added my
                                                      thoughts on
                                                      recent events.

                                                      This is a
                                                      double issue,
                                                      in part
                                                      because we are
                                                      going to try
                                                      to do more
                                                      this summer
                                                      than we could
                                                      do last. But
                                                      it's also
                                                      because I need
                                                      some extra
                                                      time to work
                                                      on a follow-up
                                                      to the
                                                      Princeton SmartDrivingCars Summit with Professor Alain Kornhauser. There was a
                                                      concrete
                                                      proposal put
                                                      forward by
                                                      Professor
                                                      Kornhauser
                                                      during the
                                                      last session,
                                                      and many of us
                                                      who took part
                                                      in the Summit
                                                      have committed
                                                      to try to work
                                                      on
                                                      implementing
                                                      that
                                                      proposal. [Read more](https://www.dropbox.com/s/e8ql7q722zxqb13/The-Dispatcher_July-2021.pdf?dl=0)  Hmmmm... .   Once again an
                                                      outstanding The
                                                      Dispatcher.
                                                      I happen to
                                                      have a diffent
                                                      fundamental
                                                      view on"exact
                                                      localization"  than Michael, many and possibly
                                                      even everyone
                                                      else...  As
                                                      usual, I'll
                                                      take a very
                                                      self-centered
                                                      view...  I've
                                                      lived my whole
                                                      life without
                                                      knowing (or
                                                      caring to
                                                      know) my
                                                      "exact
                                                      location".
                                                      I've been
                                                      satisfied to
                                                      know: "sort
                                                      of... where am
                                                      I?" but
                                                      exact...where
                                                      am I? ... not
                                                      so much.
                                                      What  troubles
                                                      me about the
                                                      "exact where
                                                      am I" is that
                                                      this exactness
                                                      is in some
                                                      coordinate
                                                      system.  Where
                                                      is the origin
                                                      of that
                                                      coordinate
                                                      system and is
                                                      moving?  Oh,
                                                      it's the
                                                      "center" of
                                                      the earth??
                                                      Or some
                                                      "reference
                                                      point".  So
                                                      "exact" is
                                                      actually,
                                                      "exact
                                                      relative to
                                                      some reference
                                                      point.  Little
                                                      seems to ever
                                                      be said about
                                                      the
                                                      "exactness" of
                                                      the reference
                                                      point, but
                                                      that may
                                                      actually be
                                                      some saving
                                                      grace about
                                                      "exact".. it
                                                      is "exact"
                                                      relative to
                                                      some reference
                                                      point.

I see..  If the reference point is the center of the Universe, then I’d better be really-really precise; else, small small changes mean big-big differences. If the reference is the center of the earth, then I may just need to be really precise; else, small changes mean big differences. However, if the reference point is my nose and I’m trying to stay between two white lines and not hit anything, then the precision to which I need to know where things are may not need to be very precise as long as I have a little bit of leeway and still stay between the lines and leave enough room around the various objects to not hit them.

OK, safe driving requires only knowing where I am relative to objects around me to a moderate level of precision. I can do it in two ways… take the difference between two values: location of object and my location. The farther away the reference point, the more precise they will need to be if precision of the difference is to be maintained. Consequently, if the measurements are relative to my nose, the need for about as small as it can get.

Moreover, any precision data base lacks some “most” important values.. 1.  a precise value for my location and 2. a precise value for anything around me that moves (meaning it wasn’t at its current location when the HD database was assembled). Required is the ability in real time to locate and track objects relative to me (my nose, the hood ornament of my car, ..) with only some precision These objects and their location aren’t included in these precise/HD databases. What is needed is a very reliable means of identifying objects and determining their position and velocity with little latency. This is absolutely necessary;uyr;y necessary for the moving objects, might as well do it also for the stationary objects.  Alain

Please don’t suggest that one needs an HD map database in order to run their SLAM (Simultaneous Localization And Mapping) algorithm. That algorithm needs as input the relative position (sensor observations) of objects . The capability to determine those inputs is all that is needed to do collision avoidance, so don’t even bother going through the SLAM computation and certainly don’t pay for a reference data set.

                                                      May 29, 2021   [The Future of Mobility is Slowly Coming into Focus](https://www.dropbox.com/s/bpeklrq3sgutu1l/The-Dispatcher_June-2021.pdf?dl=0) M.
                                                      Sena, June
                                                      2021,
                                                      "...Mobility-as-a-service
                                                      would provide
                                                      the business
                                                      model to tie
                                                      everything
                                                      together,
                                                      perhaps as an
                                                      extension of
                                                      your
                                                      phone/broadband
                                                      subscription.
                                                      Private car
                                                      ownership
                                                      would soon be
                                                      a relic of a
                                                      bygone age.

This is an interesting narrative, but is not a correct one. Even before COVID-19 changed how people have been living outside of China since Friday, the 13th of March 2020, the picture of everything happening in high density cities was a rumor that companies like WEWORK spread to build their houses of cards. …

One effect of changes that have occurred in where people live and work in and around big cities is a phenomenon that was already well underway before the pandemic but has sped up: the demise of inner city buses. I wrote about this in the December 2018 issue of THE DISPATCHER, Is It Time to Throw the Bus Under the Bus?. I wrote:

                                                      We need to
                                                      start thinking
                                                      outside the
                                                      bus. If a city
                                                      is serious
                                                      about
                                                      providing a
                                                      useful bus
                                                      service, it
                                                      needs to run
                                                      them
                                                      everywhere and
                                                      often,
                                                      including at
                                                      night. It
                                                      must,
                                                      therefore, get
                                                      rid of cars
                                                      driving and
                                                      parking on its
                                                      streets. ..

One effect of changes that have occurred in where people live and work in and around big cities is a phenomenon that was already well underway before the pandemic but has sped up: the demise of inner city buses. I wrote about this in the December 2018 issue of THE DISPATCHER, Is It Time to Throw the Bus Under the Bus?. I wrote:

                                                      We need to
                                                      start thinking
                                                      outside the
                                                      bus. If a city
                                                      is serious
                                                      about
                                                      providing a
                                                      useful bus
                                                      service, it
                                                      needs to run
                                                      them
                                                      everywhere and
                                                      often,
                                                      including at
                                                      night. It
                                                      must,
                                                      therefore, get
                                                      rid of cars
                                                      driving and
                                                      parking on its
                                                      streets. ...
                                                      What cities
                                                      are doing
                                                      today all over
                                                      the world is
                                                      neither
                                                      providing an
                                                      adequate
                                                      service to
                                                      their citizens
                                                      nor using the
                                                      money
                                                      allocated for
                                                      transport in a
                                                      cost-effective
                                                      way...

Bite the bullet and get private cars off the big city streets

                                                      The reasons
                                                      that people
                                                      who live in
                                                      cities began
                                                      to buy cars
                                                      was that they
                                                      needed them to
                                                      get to their
                                                      jobs, the ones
                                                      that began
                                                      moving out of
                                                      the cities in
                                                      the campuses
                                                      where there
                                                      were no
                                                      transit links.
                                                      Then they
                                                      needed them to
                                                      drop off their
                                                      children to
                                                      day care
                                                      centers since
                                                      both parents
                                                      worked. Then
                                                      they needed
                                                      them to drop
                                                      off their
                                                      older
                                                      children...

As I said, it is not buses that will meet the need. Neither is it roads filled with taxis. There are taxis offering rides in Trenton and Scranton, but they are not replacing buses because they are too expensive and are often unavailable when demand for them is highest. The Uber/Lyft model can be better at meeting demand, but they are still too costly…”

Read more  Hmmmm…   Enjoy the whole issue. It is enormously well written! Also listen/watch the SDC Pod/Zoom Cast 216- below with Michael. Alain May 22, 2021

  Why I Ride with Waymo: Mike Waymo One, May 13, “… I started taking it to work, and after crunching the numbers for gas, maintenance, insurance, upkeep, and owning a depreciating investment, it was pretty much a no-brainer that we really didn’t need two cars. I sold off my car and made Waymo my choice for commuting to and from work and for trips my wife and I need to take when the other is using our car…“ Read more  Hmmmm…This is really great that he “crunched the numbers” and found it to be “pretty much a no-brainer”, which is what every real Waymo customer in Chandler has to do to become a Waymo customer.  One “doesn’t move to Chandler unless one has “two cars”.  See slide 5: 70% of the households have 2 or more cars in Chandler, so most of the folks have had to do the math to become a customer.  If Waymo offered the same service in Trenton, where 70% of the households have at most one car and 30% don’t have any, then it doesn’t take much number crunching to appreciate Waymo when walking is the next best way to go.

The Chandler Operational Design Domain (ODD) may be a great place to get the technology working.  It may well be the “easiest” ODD in the world.  A Trenton ODD may well not be all that much more difficult technologically. What Trenton does have are customers for whom what Waymo can deliver is truly a no-brainer. Alain

                                                      May 8, 2021   [Why hasn't Waymo expanded its driverless service? Here's is my theory](https://arstechnica.com/cars/2021/05/why-hasnt-waymo-expanded-its-driverless-service-heres-my-theory/)
                                                      T. Lee, May 7,
                                                      "Suburban
                                                      ride-hailing
                                                      is a lousy
                                                      business to be
                                                      in.

Last October, Waymo did something remarkable: the company launched a fully driverless commercial taxi service called Waymo One. Customers in a 50-square-mile corner of suburban Phoenix can now use their smartphones to hail a Chrysler Pacifica minivan with no one in the driver’s seat.

                                                      And then...
                                                      nothing. Seven
                                                      months later,
                                                      Waymo has
                                                      neither
                                                      expanded the
                                                      footprint of
                                                      the Phoenix
                                                      service nor
                                                      has it
                                                      announced a
                                                      timeline for
                                                      launching in a
                                                      second city.

                                                      It's as if
                                                      Steve Jobs had
                                                      unveiled the
                                                      iPhone,
                                                      shipped a few
                                                      thousand
                                                      phones to an
                                                      Apple Store in
                                                      Phoenix, and
                                                      then didn't
                                                      ship any more
                                                      for months;
                                                      and wouldn't
                                                      explain why.

                                                      Last Friday,
                                                      two Waymo
                                                      employees [participated in an "ask me anything" thread](https://www.reddit.com/r/SelfDrivingCars/comments/n031vq/you_voted_and_were_excited_to_chat_about_waymo/) on
                                                      the
                                                      SelfDrivingCars
                                                      subreddit, a
                                                      watering hole
                                                      for
                                                      self-driving
                                                      industry
                                                      insiders.
                                                      Questions
                                                      about
                                                      expansion
                                                      plans
                                                      dominated the
                                                      conversation.

                                                      "How are you
                                                      going to
                                                      scale?" one
                                                      redditor
                                                      asked. "What
                                                      are the
                                                      impediments to
                                                      service
                                                      expansion at
                                                      this time?"

                                                      The Waymonauts
                                                      responded with
                                                      maddening
                                                      generalities.

                                                      "We feel the
                                                      same urgency
                                                      to scale
                                                      quickly that
                                                      others do, but
                                                      a ton of work
                                                      goes into
                                                      doing it
                                                      safely," wrote
                                                      Waymo's Sam
                                                      Kansara."  [Read more](https://arstechnica.com/cars/2021/05/why-hasnt-waymo-expanded-its-driverless-service-heres-my-theory/)  Hmmmm... Not at all surprising.  Can you imagine trying to be
                                                      better than
                                                      one's own Land
                                                      Rover or
                                                      Porsche in car
                                                      country.  That
                                                      is a heavy
                                                      lift.  Making
                                                      it heavier is
                                                      the focus on
                                                      today's most
                                                      entitled
                                                      yuppies.
                                                      That's as bad
                                                      as the
                                                      original focus
                                                      of driverless
                                                      cars on
                                                      1%ers.  Waymos
                                                      are pure and
                                                      simple
                                                      mobility
                                                      machines to
                                                      get you
                                                      from/to places
                                                      horizontally,
                                                      just as
                                                      elevators do
                                                      vertically ...
                                                      just get you
                                                      up to the "8th
                                                      floor".  Why
                                                      are elevators
                                                      so successful
                                                      at what they
                                                      do?... Second
                                                      best is the
                                                      stairwell!
                                                      They win all
                                                      the time,
                                                      hands down.

In Chandler, the “stairwell” is your car parked in your garage.  You don’t even have to go outside in all that heat. Waymo’s got to be really good to beat that! Waymo might end up getting close to that good, but in the beginning chances “slim-to-none”.  Not that the car in the garage doesn’t have an enormous amount of “excess baggage”. Everyone seems to have conveniently forgotten about it. When even with all of its LiDars, radars and deepLearning, whereas the car with the Mad Men fantasies is way more than half full and your go-to mobility is your car. Your car allowed you to consider the Chandlers of this world as a place whee you want to live.  That’s a challenging market place for Waymo. It’s worse than Bing v Google

A better place for Waymo  ( or Ford/Argo or GM/cruise) the place to start is to focus on a market where they can easily deliver better service.  The obvious market is to provide Waymo mobility to concentrations of households that have zero or only one car.  Folks that have been left behind by the automobile and don’t have access to one.  Those that have been relegated to take the staircase thereby not even having the opportunity to reach “the eighth floor”; which, once they can using Waymo,  would substantially improve their lives. They might in fact appreciate Waymo right out of the box.

Manhattan is one such place, but it has a great subway and safely driving its roads is enormously challenging, so that’s arguably the last place for Waymo to go. However, the census identifies many communities and “inner suburbs” that have substantial densities of zero and one-car household. For example: Trenton New Jersey. Waymo would be the obvious mobility choice. Numerous Trenton residents would readily perceive Waymo as the “Google” in their trip mode-choice.

Another note… trying to sell Waymo technology on its ability to improve safety is a fool’s gambit. Since Waymos don’t misbehave, it is “easy” to make them safer, but that argument is hard to get across Misbehaviors are core to the fantasies of driving and are thus excused and forgotten about.  Alain

Link to previous SDC eLetters

Alain L. Kornhauser, PhD

Professor & Director of Undergraduate Studies, Operations Research & Financial Engineering

                                  Director, Transportation Program

                                  Faculty Chair, Princeton
                                  Autonomous Vehicle Engineering

229 Sherrerd Hall

                                          Princeton University

                                          Princeton, NJ

alaink@princeton.edu

                                          609-980-1427 (c)

This list is maintained by Alain Kornhauser and hosted by the Princeton University LISTSERV.